With Full Heart
Your body needs these 3 components to survive. What are the components of the Cardio Vascular System?
Components of CV system:
1) Heart: central pump
2) Blood vessels (vasculature): network of tubing
3) Blood: fluid contained within the CV system
Its components are 1/3 Hemoglobin, 2/3 Lipids, ATP, carbonic anhydrase.
What are Red Blood Cells.
I have had a terrible and busy day converting oxygen to carbon dioxide. Now I just need a moment to breathe. What are the 3 processes required for respiration to occur?
• Ventilation: Movement of air into and out of lungs
• External respiration: Gas exchange between air
in lungs and blood
• Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the
blood
• Internal respiration: Gas exchange between the
blood and tissues
The heart does more then love. What are the 4 functions of the heart?
Generating blood pressure
2. Routing blood: separates pulmonary, systemic, coronary circulations
3. Ensuring one-way blood flow: valves (preventing backflow)
4. Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
Example: riding a bike (increase blood flow to active muscle)
What are the three layers of blood vessels and describe them?
1. Tunica intima (or tunica interna)
Innermost layer, adjacent to lumen
2. Tunica media
Middle layer, smooth muscle and elastic fibers
3. Tunica adventitia (or tunica externa)
Outermost layer, adjacent to surrounding tissue
It is a Muscular tube (13 cm long) made up of skeletal muscle & mucous membrane. It extends from Choanae to esophagus.
What is the Pharynx.
Donald trump wanted to build it, Joseph Woll is it, and your heart has it too. What are the layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium
cardiac muscle layer is the bulk of the heart
Endocardium
chamber lining & valves
They have large granules, multi-lobed nuclei and there are three distinctive types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
What are White blood cells (leukocytes).
total air moved into and out of respiratory system
each minute; tidal volume X respiratory rate and volume of air available for gas
exchange/minute.
What is Minute Ventilation and Alveolar Ventilation
If you took all the veins out of your body and layed them end to end you would die... Coronary Circulation: what veins are there and what do they do.
Great cardiac vein: drains left side of the heart
Small cardiac vein: drains right margin of heart
Middle cardiac vein: drains areas supplied by posterior interventricular artery
Coronary sinus: large venous cavity, empties into right atrium
*Number of small veins drain the rest of the heart
Everything in the world has a function and this can be broken down even more. What are the 7 functions of blood?
Functions of blood
1) Transport of gases, nutrients and waste products
– Oxygen, CO 2 , glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, metabolic end products
2) Transport of processed molecules
– Vitamin D precursor from skin to liver and kidneys
3) Transport of regulatory molecules
– Hormones (from endocrine glands to rest of body)
Functions of blood
4) Regulation of pH and osmosis
– Normal pH between 7.35 and 7.45
5) Maintenance of body temperature
– Eg. Heat transfer from muscle tissue to blood to skin to external environment during exercise
6) Protection against foreign substances
– Antibodies produced......response to infection.
7) Clot formation
– “Built-in” mechanism for self-repair of damaged tissues
We measure snakes in inches because they don't have any feet, what are the 4 different measurements of Lung Function?
• Tidal volume: amount of air inspired or expired with each breath. At rest: 500 mL
• Inspiratory reserve volume: amount that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the tidal volume (3100 mL at rest)
• Expiratory reserve volume: amount that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the tidal volume (1200 mL at rest)
• Residual volume: volume still remaining in respiratory passages and lungs after most forceful expiration (1200 mL)
Just as a conductor controls the band, list and define the Conducting System of Heart.
• SA node: sinoatrial node. Generate spontaneous action potentials. Action potentials pass to atrial muscle cells and to the AV node
• AV node: atrioventricular node. Action potentials conducted more slowly here than in any other part of system. Ensures ventricles receive signal to contract
after atria have contracted
• AV bundle: passes through hole in cardiac skeleton to reach interventricular septum
• Right and left bundle branches: extend beneath endocardium to apices of right and left ventricles
• Purkinje fibers: Large diameter cardiac muscle cells with few myofibrils. Many gap junctions. Conduct action potential to ventricular muscle cells
Two blood cells fell in love, but alas it was in vein...what are the purposes of white blood cells?
•Protect body against microorganisms and remove dead cells and debris
• Nucleated, no hemoglobin
• Movements
Ameboid movement
Diapedesis (emigration): cells become thin, elongate and move either between or through endothelial cells of capillaries; WBC’s leave the CV system
Chemotaxis: attraction to and movement toward foreign materials or damaged cells. Accumulation of dead white cells and bacteria is pus.
Concentration of a gas in a liquid is determined by
its partial pressure and its solubility coefficient
[dissolved gas] = Pgas x solubility coefficient
What is Henry's Law.