Enlightenment Thinkers
I believed people have natural rights. Who am I?
John Locke
What are rights that belong to all people called?
Natural rights
What famous colonial complaint dealt with taxation and political representation?
“No taxation without representation.”
“Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness” connects most closely to what concept?
Natural rights
Which thinker would probably object to a government that prevents people from expressing their opinions? Why?
Voltaire — because he supported freedom of speech.
I believed a strong government was necessary to maintain order.
Thomas Hobbes
What principle says political authority comes from the people?
Popular sovereignty
What act of colonial resistance involved tea?
Boston Tea Party
Government gets its authority from the people.
Consent of the governed / popular sovereignty
A king makes every law himself. Which Enlightenment thinker would most likely criticize this arrangement?
Montesquieu — because he supported separation of powers.
I supported freedom of speech and religion.
Voltaire
What does separation of powers mean?
Dividing government authority among different branches.
What British laws were passed after the Boston Tea Party and increased colonial anger?
Intolerable Acts
People have rights government is supposed to protect.
Natural Rights
A government takes away people's basic rights. Which thinker would most strongly object? Explain.
Locke — government exists to protect natural rights.
I believed government power should be separated.
Montesquieu
What is the idea that government receives its authority from the people?
Consent of the governed
What battles marked the beginning of armed conflict between the colonists and British forces?
Lexington and Concord
The people are the source of legitimate political power.
Popular sovereignty
Why did “no taxation without representation” connect to Enlightenment thinking?
People believed government should operate with the consent/representation of the governed.
I argued that legitimate government should reflect the will of the people.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
What is a social contract?
An agreement in which people give government certain powers in exchange for protection of their rights.
Put these in a logical sequence from the material studied: British taxation, colonial resistance, Declaration of Independence.
British taxation → colonial resistance → Declaration of Independence
If a government violates the people's rights, the people may resist or change that government. What principle from Thursday's Declaration Detective does this represent?
Right to Revolution
Complete and explain this chain:
Scientific Revolution → ______ → American Revolution