Aphasia
The aphasia type associated with nonfluent speech production, impaired repetition, but relatively preserved comprehension.
What is Broca's aphasia?
A patient who briefly loses consciousness after a head injury but later appears alert is an example of this.
What is mTBI or concussion?
An assessment used by first responders and healthcare providers which quickly establishes a baseline for impairments and helps predict recovery in TBI patients.
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?
Remembering how to ride a bike is an example of this kind of memory
Procedural memory
An impairment commonly the first impairment in other dementias but is NOT the first impairment observed in FTD.
What is memory?
The impairment which is present in all aphasia types
What is anomia?
A cognitive domain which involves planning multistep tasks, inhibiting impulsive responses, and shifting between activities which is commonly impacted after a TBI.
What is executive functioning?
A progressive build-up of this type of protein outside the neurons is sometimes, but not always, associated with the gradual onset of dementia-like impairments.
What is amyloid plaque?
The first prominent impairment in patients who develop Alzheimer's
What is short-term memory impairment?
The two parts of the brain where atrophy may start in FTD.
What are the frontal and temporal lobes?
These aphasias are characterized by relatively smooth, effortless speech with typical phrase length, but the content may lack meaning and comprehension may be impaired.
What are fluent aphasias?
Swelling and infection are examples of this type of injury and it develops after the injury occurs.
What is a secondary injury?
Despite having substantial Alzheimer’s-related brain pathology at autopsy, individuals with more of this show fewer cognitive symptoms than expected, potentially because lifelong education, mentally stimulating activities, and social engagement helped them cope with brain change.
What is cognitive reserve?
Atrophy in the brain begins here in the earliest stages of AD.
What is the hippocampus/entorhinal cortex?
A type of FTD characterized by progressive atrophy of temporoparietal networks which leads to some comprehension impairments but preserved grammar in speech production.
What is logopenic PPA?
The language ability which is preserved in both transcortical sensory and transcortical motor aphasia?
What is repetition?
These impairments most commonly influence a TBI patient's ability to communicate effectively in daily life.
What are cognitive impairments?
Brain damage which occurs at the opposite side of the impact site in a closed head injury.
What is a contrecoup injury?
A process which, when impaired, leads to difficulty in integrating information necessary to orient to space and time.
What is perception?
The site of progressive atrophy which most commonly leads to semantic PPA.
What are the anterior temporal lobes?
The two primary factors which influence how much language impairments will overlap in bilingual individuals if they develop aphasia.
What are age of acquisition and language proficiency?
The primary risk factor that distinguishes CTE from other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
What are repeated hits to the head?
This category of dementia is the most likely diagnosis for a 40-year-old patient with progressive language difficulties, relatively preserved early memory, and prominent frontal lobe atrophy.
What is frontotemporal dementia?
The 2 unifying characteristics of dementias.
What are progressive and global impairments?
A patient who has progressive behavioral changes, reduced empathy, increasingly inappropriate social behavior, but no early memory impairment is an example of this condition.
What is fronto-temporal dementia behavioral variant?