What are the 4 characteristics common to all living things?
1. regulate structure and internal processes
2. energy and matter flow through it
3. sense and respond to the environment
4. grow, develop, and reproduce
100
True or False: Prokaryote is a domain
False. Prokaryote is a cell type. Bacteria and Archaea (domains) have prokaryotic cell types.
100
What are the two semiautonomous organelles?
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
100
Changing the number of _______ changes the element.
protons
100
What process must first occur before an ionic bond can form?
ionization
200
A genetic mutation occurs in the germ cell of a frog. This germ cell is fertilized and becomes an adult frog. The mutation is then selected for through natural selection. This is an example of…
Vertical Descent
200
Transformation and transduction are examples of what kind of genetic transfer?
Horizontal transfer
200
What type of bonding gives water its fluidity?
hydrogen bonding
200
What type of bond can be found in a hydrocarbon?
non-polar covalent bond; electrons are evenly shared
200
Differences in _________ allows for covalent bonds
electronegativity
300
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
canomical pathway
300
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has bound ribosomes. Where are the proteins synthesized by these ribosomes going to go?
They will either associate with the plasma membrane or leave the cell
300
Which organelle is responsible for the following: synthesizing macromolecules, detoxification, and storing calcium
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
300
In one water molecule, what bond forms between an oxygen and a hydrogen?
polar covalent
300
Explain cohesion vs. adhesion
cohesion: attractions of a substance to itself
adhesion: attraction of a substance to another substance
400
What kind of reaction joins amino acids together to form a protein?
dehydration synthesis
400
Which cytoskeleton structure is made of alpha and beta tubulin dimers that function in cell shape, cell motility, and organize the movement of chromosomes in cell division?
microtubules
400
What kind of reaction breaks down carbohydrates into their component sugars?
hydrolysis
400
Which domain has a peptidoglycan cell wall?
bacteria
400
cholesterol and steroids belong to which class of biological molecules?
lipids
500
What bond type is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins? (alpha helix and beta sheets)
hydrogen bonding
500
Give an example of a pentose
deoxyribose or ribose
500
Biological class of molecules that has 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids joined together by ester linkages?
lipids
500
What determines the fluidity of the lipid tails of the phospholipids in the phospholipid bilayer?
Whether they are saturated or not. Unsaturated increases fluidity by reducing van der Waals interactions
500
What type of protein is involved in cell to cell recognition?