Cellular Respiration
What happens after glycolysis if there is no oxygen present
fermentation
Why can mutations be beneficial?
They allow for variation that can help organisms survive to reproduce
Dilation of blood vessels in extremities can help animals lose excess heat as part of the thermoregulation. True or False?
True
A diuretic is a substance that...
increases the volume of urine
The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are...
glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
Electrons that reach the end of the electron transport chain are transferred to
Oxygen, thereby reducing it to form water
What is coevolution?
2 or more species mutually influence their evolution via natural selection
Saltwater fish lose water through osmosis. True or false?
True
(refer back to picture in lecture 2, slide 66 for a really good picture explaining this)
What are the functional "units" of the kidney?
Nephrons
Which of the following is not true about a hypothesis?
- It can be proven to be true
- It can be rejected
- It is a tentative explanation
- Previous knowledge can help support it
- It must be testable to be useful
It is a tentative explanation
The Krebs cycle runs how many times and why?
Twice, once for each acetyl CoA that was formed from the glucose molecule
What does insulin and glucagon do
Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by promoting uptake of glucose in cels
Glucagon increases blood glucose levels
Homeostasis means...
the ability to maintain internal stability in an organism in response to the environmental changes
What is the glomerulus?
A cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule: the site of filtration in kidney nephrons
The products of cellular respiration are...
Carbon dioxide, water and ATP
In glycolysis the net number of NADH produced is
2
What do the beta cells and alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans produce
Beta cells - insulin
Alpha cells - glucagon
A mammal is ___ and has a body temperature ___.
- ectothermic; that changes with fluctuation in environmental temperature
- endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
- endothermic; that changes with fluctuations in environmental temperature
- ectothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
endothermic; maintained by its own metabolism
Where is filtrate from the glomerulus collected?
In the Bowmans capsule
Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain. Consequently, ATP production in the mitochondria would...
decrease, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
The reactants for cellular respiration are...
glucose and oxygen
What does ADH (or vasopressin) do?
slows urine production:
acts on aquaporins in collecting ducts to allow water to come back into blood from the collecting ducts → less water in urine
List all four forms of heat transfer and give an example of each:
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation
(examples are endless)
In a ___ you would expect to find a relatively longer nephron loop than a ___ because such a loop will result in an excretion of ___ concentrated urine.
a. fox; kangaroo rat; more
b. kangaroo rat; fox; more
c. fox; kangaroo rat; less
d. kangaroo rat; fox; less
b. kangaroo rat; fox ; more
Which of the following would not be a "control" in an experimental procedure?
- a placebo group
- a known standard of comparison
- a normal (untreated) group
- an experimental group
an experimental group