Urinary Elimination
This type of urinary incontinence refers to when increased abdominal pressure causes loss of urine.
What is Stress incontinence?
Stress incontinence occurs with laughing or coughing. Any type of increased pressure forces the urine out.
Foods high in this substance will help promote bowel elimination.
What is high fiber foods?
(Whole grains, vegetables, fruits)
Fiber helps increase the size of food and makes it softer, making passing of it easier.
The following lists the parameters for BMI classifications (List all of them).
Bonus question: Why is BMI not a great measurement?
What is
<18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25-29.9 Overweight
30< Obese
40< Morbidly Obese.
BMI doesn't account for muscle/fat disposition. Rather it only accounts weight and height (all NFL players are basically obese).
This conflict began the major shift into the modern nursing that we see today.
What is World War II?
World War II saw the shift of men going overseas to fight the war, while women began to fill these roles in large numbers, due to the high demand.
This refers to a crime committed between people and resulted in damage to one's person or property.
What is tort?
The easiest way I remember tort it the t is between two people.
Crime is always the state or U.S. versus that person.
Tort: Westbrooks vs. Greater Baltimore Medical Center.
Crime: Westbrooks vs. State of Maryland
This woman is commonly referred to as the mother of nursing?
Who is Florence Nightingale?
When in doubt, Florence Nightingale.
The act of urination takes place under which division of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the parasympathetic nervous system?
This is the site that most of the NUTRIENTS (not water) are absorbed in the GI tract. (Be location specific.)
What is the Small Intestine, duodenum?
The stomach is a food pouch and releases enzymes to help begin digestion. Food goes from the stomach to the small intestine. The first part of the small intestine (duodenum) absorbs the majority of the nutrients.
The following diet includes clear foods and also allows for fluids that melt at body temperature as well.
What is the full liquid diet?
Understanding diet is important not just for this class.
Full Liquid- Liquid at room temp, melt at body. I usually associate with pudding, ice cream.
Clear liquid- Liquid at room temp and body temp. Easy for digestive system. You can see through them at room temp.
Towson University must follow a set of core competencies from this organization to be accredited as a nursing program.
What is the American Association of College of Nursing?
The AACN accredits schools to provide Nursing degrees.
This term refers to legal obligation to perform an action.
What is duty?
Duty- Legal obligation to act.
This term refers to when people assign characteristics to a culture without considering individualism.
What is stereotyping?
We've all probably seen this happen before. People assume certain people of certain cultures will act a certain way because they are a part of that culture.
This is the term for when patients produce below 30 mL of urine per hour.
What is oliguira?
Oliguria is low urine output. This is defined as less than 30mL/hour.
Anuria is lack of urine output. This is defined as less than 100 mL/day.
Both have indications of kidney injury (no bueno).
The following common medication can cause the color of stool to become pink, red or black.
What is aspirin?
Aspirin causes stool to be pink, red or black.
Iron and Bismuth causes stool to be black.
Antacids cause white or speckles in stool.
Antibiotics can cause grey or green.
The following two methods measure the proper length for NG tube and confirm the placement.
Bonus: Why do we confirm the placement? What are we preventing?
What is Nose-Ear-Xiphoid and Radiographic confirmation.
The placement of the tube is confirmed so that the NG tube is placed down the trachea (aspiration).
These set of laws help enforce differing state-wide scope of practice.
Nurse Practice Acts
Each state has a different level of scope of practice. For example, Some states may require physician oversight while administering a certain medication.
A nurse provides a PO order through an IV route. The clients stay has now increased due to confirmed complications of the drug. The patients attorney is able to prove which legal aspect?
What is Malpractice?
Malpractice is professional negligence.
This aspect is the focus and center point of all nursing care provided.
What is patient-centered care?
Above all else, including the patient in the care plan is crucial.
The following device is used for patients with urinary incontinence, typically for men who have enlarged prostates.
What is the coude' catheter?
Coude' is more flexible and maneuverable, since the prostate is blocking space for urine output.
The absence of bowel sounds after five minutes of auscultation could indicate a patient has this complication.
What is bowel incontinence?
In health assessment, you learn to auscultate each quadrant of the bowel for up to five minutes until you hear bowel gurgling. If there isn't any sound, that can indicate there's some type of blockage in the GI tract.
The following tube feeding presents a greater risk of gastric distention and diarrhea.
What is Intermittent Feeding?
Intermittent feeding delivers food over a bolus over 20-30 minutes at a time. It increases the risk of diarrhea and distention.
Continuous feeding is preferred generally.
This is the nurses primary role within the hospital.
What is being a caregiver?
While there are other roles such as advocating, communicating and being a leader, being a caregiver is the first priority.
These four aspects must be proved to have taken place in order to prove liability (Define each).
What is Duty, Breach of Duty, Causation, Damages
Duty- Obligation to act
Breach of Duty- Failure to do so
Causation- Your actions caused damage to this person
Damages- The actual harm that has occurred.
This term refers to promotes care provided that is scientifically backed.
(Give one example?)
What is evidence-based practice?
Hand washing, Specific O2 for COPD, Ambulation from bed rest, incentive spirometer.
Evidence-Based Practice- we do things that make sense and have been proven to work in the patients best interest.
A patients bladder has been irrigated with 1000 cc of normal saline. The output at the end of the shift was measured to be 4000 cc. What was the patients true urine output?
What is 3000 cc.
For measuring true output, you subtract:
Total Output- Irrigation
In this case: 4000 cc- 1000 cc= 3000 cc
The following should be included in patient teaching for colostomy care (2 teaching points for credit).
What is
Changing the bag frequently, maintain dignity, inspecting the stoma (beefy red appearance), and maintaining fluid balance.
This compound is only available from animal sources and helps with DNA and Red blood cell formation
What is Vitamin B12?
Understanding each vitamins (and minerals) function is crucial.
Vitamin A helps with eyesight and immune system.
Vitamin B12 helps with DNA and red blood cell formation. You can really only get it from animal sources.
Vitamin C helps form tissue and the immune system.
Vitamin D helps absorb calcium and intestinal absortion.
Vitamin E helps the immune system, nervous system and helps protect cells.
Vitamin K helps with blood clotting.
The following refers to places that allow you to practice with a different states nursing license.
What are compact states?
Compact states allow you to practice with another states nursing license. Most of the states within the US are, including Maryland.
This law helps protect people from liability in emergencies, so long as the person acted within their scope of practice.
What is The good Samaritan law.
This is encouraged to get people to act in emergency situations. I think back to lifeguarding, they encourage you to act and you're protected from liability, so long as you were acting in their best interest.
The following term describes a group of concepts that form a pattern of reality.
What is a theory?
Concept- abstract ideas that represent impressions of reality.
Theory- group of concepts.
Philosophy- wisdom regarding one's view of life.