T Cells and APCs (Chapter 17)
What type of T cell is CD8+ and induces apoptosis in infected cells?
cytotoxic T lymphocyte?
Which antibody is able to cross the placenta?
IgG
Whate are beta-lactams?
A drug class which inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking
What enzyme breaks down penicillin’s beta-lactam ring?
beta-lactamase
What test determines MIC using antibiotic diffusion on a strip
the E-test
What T cell subtype recruits neutrophils using IL-17?
TH17
What is IgA?
An antibody that is secreted in breast milk and prevents mucosal attachment
What does streptomycin specifically target?
The 30S subunit of the target's ribosome
Resistance genes usually are found on?
plasmids or transposons
Which cell kills virus-infected cells without a specific signal
natural killer (NK) cells
What cells display antigens using MHC class II?
antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
What is IgM
An antibody forms a pentamer and is involved in early infection
Which enzyme is inhibited by quinolones like ciprofloxacin?
DNA Gyrase
What is one way bacteria prevent antibiotic entry
Altering porins or cell wall permeability
What antiviral drug mimics guanosine to block DNA polymerase?
Acyclovir
Which T cells suppress immune response and prevent self-reactivity?
regulatory T cells
Which antibody triggers histamine release and defends against helminths?
IgE
Which drug mimics PABA and inhibits folic acid synthesis?
sulfamethoxazole?
What is efflux, and why does it matter
It pumps out antibiotics, causing antibiotic resistance
Which type of immunity comes from vaccines?
artificially acquired active immunity
What activates CD8+ T cells into Cyto-toxic Lymphocytes?
CD4+ T cells (using cytokines and antigen recognition)
What role does the J chain play in IgM and IgA structure? and what task does it enable certain antibodies to perform.
linking the monomers together. It enables certain antibodies to cross cellular membranes and migrate into secretions (IgA)
Amphotericin B and miconazole both disrupt what fungal structure?
ergosterol in the plasma membrane
What is the difference between synergism and antagonism in drug combos
Synergism enhances effect, while antagonism reduces it
Which helminth drug inhibits nutrient absorption
mebendazole or albendazole