Genetic Drift
Sampling error is higher with a (smaller/larger) sample?
smaller
what does 2pq represent
frequency of the heterozygote genotype
a chromosome that does not differ between sexes
autosome
A segment of DNA is removed accidentally
deletion
a common ancestor and all of its descendants
Clade (or monophyletic group)
what type of alleles are more likely to be lost during a bottleneck event?
rare alleles
location of a specific gene or sequence of DNA on a chromosome
locus
what enzyme builds the single-stranded RNA molecule from the DNA template during transcription
RNA polymerase
A single base changes from one nucleotide to another (i.e., substitution)
point mutation
a shift in the function of a trait during evolution
Exaptation (or preadaptation)
what is fitness typically measured by?
number of offspring
change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next
microevolution
location in which transcription (DNA -> RNA) occurs
nucleus
A segment of DNA (single base or more) is added into the middle of an existing sequence
insertion
transitional fossil between fish and tetrapods
Tiktaalik
homozygous condition yields twice the phenotypic effect for the gene as compared with heterozygotes
additive alleles
If actual ratios ≠ expected H-W ratios, then is the population evolving?
yes!
Ribosomes are where proteins are made. What are the two possible locations where ribosomes are located in the cell?
(1) bound to membrane of rough ER and (2) free floating in the cytoplasm
A segment of DNA is flipped around an inserted backwards into its original position
inversion
derived character state shared by an ancestor and its descendants
In a population of skunks, the frequency of the BB genotype is 0.77. What is the frequency of heterozygous rabbits?
0.21
what does HWE assume about population size?
infinite
when RNA splicing creates multiple proteins from a single gene
alternative splicing
Chromosomes are duplicated or lost
aneuploidy
character state similarity not due to common descent
Homoplasy