Exam #1 Material
Phenotype of an indivual is a blend between the phenotypes of the parents.
Incomplete Dominance
Single Stranded Binding Proteins
Bind to the single stranded DNA keeping them from reforming H bonds togehter
Viral + Sense
Follows central dogma
Missense Mutation
Mutation that results in a single amino acid change
DNA Polyermase
Builds DNA from a template strand to rebuild DNA
Test Cross
A cross that is used to determine the genotype of an indivual by crossing them with a homozygous recessive individual
DNA Helicase
Breaks H bonds splitting both strands apart
Viral - Sense
RNA -> DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
Frameshift Mutation
A mutation that shifts every subsequent codon
How is a base change mutation found by enzymes?
By a distortion in the double helix shape
Dihybrid Cross Ratio
9:3:3:1
Okazaki Fragments are found on the ____ strand
lagging
Prokaryotic Chromosomes Condensation
Linear and Circular
-Arranged in loops
Chromosomal Inversion
The sequence of genes in a chromosome has the order reversed.
DNA Ligase
Reforms a phospodiester bond between two unconnected nulceotides
When two individuals produce a WT/dominant phenotype. Also used to determine the minimum number of genes for a trait.
Complementation
DNA polyermases read DNA from __ to ___ but build duaghter DNA from ___ to ___.
3'-5'.
5'-3'
Nucleosome
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Tautomeric Shift
Nucleotide bases revert to a tautomer temporarily and one of the daughter strands contains the mutation.
Enzyme that removes a certain segment of mistmatched DNA
Exonuclease
PpFf X PpFF
What is the prob of having ppFf?
1/4*1/2 = 1/8
Why do eukaryotes need multiple replication of origins?
H1 protein
Link nucleosomes together
DNA Slippage
Repeats in DNA sequence for a loop which pulls the DNA poly 3 back repeating the sequence.
Non-Homologous Double Stranded Repair
The double stranded DNA break will just be refused together