Evolution
Proposed the idea of natural selection
Capacity of one genotype to exhibit variable phenotypes in different environments
Phenotypic plasticity
Rudimentary version of a body part that is no longer functional the way it once was in their ancestral form
Vestigial structure
Father of taxonomy
Karl Linnaeus
Where branches intersect
Nodes
The range of Heritability (H2)
0 to 1
The change of a single nucleotide in template DNA
Point mutation
Anatomically different structures with very similar function
Analogous structures
Species names are always ___
Binomial
The lines in a phylogenetic tree that connect terminals to nodes or one node to another
Branches
Traits that originally evolved for one function buy continue to evolve and acquire a new function
Exaptations
Change in a nucleotide without changing an amino acid
Synonymous substitution
Structures derived from a common ancestor that may have different functions
Homologous structures
Names are treated as if ____ regardless of origin
Latin
Natural groups of organisms, genes, or proteins in a phylogenetic tree
Clades
Phenotypic variation of a trait needs to be ___ in order for natural selection to occur
Heritable
Nonsynonymous substituion
Type of evolution that leads to homologous structures
Divergent evolution
Taxa are arranged in ____ ranks
Hierarchical
Groups with taxa that have mixed evolutionary origin but do not have MRCA
Polyphyletic groups
Natural selection acts on ___
Phenotypes / Individuals
This mutation causes the encoding of a premature stop codon
Nonsense substitution
Type of evolution that leads to analogous structures
Convergent evolution
The process by which taxa are named
Nomenclature
Groups with a MRCA but excluding one or more descendant taxa
Paraphyletic groups