Isomers
Enantiomers are molecules that share the same chemical structure and have [...] and differ in the [....].
1. chiral carbon
2. 3D placement of atoms (non-superimposable/ mirror images)
Of the seven functional groups found in biomolecules, which one is non-polar?
-CH3 (methyl)
What are long chains of monosaccharides joined by?
Glycosidic bonds
what kind of bonds link disaccharides and polysaccharides?
Glycosidic bonds
Name each building block for each macromolecule.
Nucleic Acids- nucleotides
Carbohydrates- monosaccharides
Proteins- amino acids
Lipids- fatty acids and glycerol
What kind of isomer is this?
Geometric Isomer
What functional group(s) are found in lipids
-COOH (carboxyl)
What is the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates?
CnH2nOn
What kind of bond links amino acids?
Peptide/amide bond
What is the product of glucose and fructose?
glucose and glucose?
glucose and galactose?
1. Sucrose
2. Maltose
3. Lactose
The following image illustrates a type of enantiomer?(T/F)
What functional group(s) are found in carbohydrates?
-CO/COH (carbonyl)
-OH (hydroxyl)
What kind of sugar is this? (In respect to the carbonyl)
Aldose Sugar (on the end)
Can we break down cellulose? Why or why not.
We can not break down cellulose because we don't have the proper enzymes in our stomach to break the beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds.
What is chitin found? What kind of polysaccharides is it?
1. Exoskeleton of anthropoids, and in fungal cell walls. It is also used to make surgical thread.
2. Structural
What is the difference between superimposable and non-superimposable? (Please answer in a fully, developed sentence)
Superimposable: Objects that are the same and can not be differentiated.
Non-superimposable: Objects that are mirror like images and can not overlap
What is the only biomolecule that phosphate is found in?
Nucleic Acids
How would you describe the covalent bond in the disaccharide shown below?
1,2 alpha glycosidic bond
How many purines are there? How many rings do they have?
Adenine and Guanine have two rings
How many of the 20 amino acids are essential amino acids?
9 essential amino acids (amino acids the body cannot synthesize so it must come from the diet).
1. What kind of isomer does the image depict?
2. What kind of carbon chain does the image on the right show?
1. Constitutional/ structural
2. Branched carbon chain
What are the four functional groups found in amino acids? (No notes)
-Amino
-Carbonyl
-Carboxyl
-Sulfhydryl
What are the two types of storage polysaccharides, make sure differentiate which one is found in plants and which one is found in animals.
1. Animals: Glycogen is the major storage form for animals.
2. Plants: Starch is the major storage form of glucose for plants.
What kind of bond is formed during dehydration synthesis/condensation reaction?
Covalent bonds
What nitrogenous bases have only ring? What are they called in a group?
1. cytosine, thymine (only in DNA), and uracil (only in RNA)
2. pyrimidines