SIADH
What does SIADH stand for?
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion
What is opposite of diabetes insipidus?
SIADH
What is diabetes insipidus?
Disorder of the posterior pituitary in which ADH is deficient
A decrease in ADH results in electrolyte and fluid imbalances
What does the term hypoglycemia mean and what would the blood glucose level be of a patient experiencing this?
Low blood sugar. Glucometer would read less than 70
What does the term hyperglycemia mean and what would the blood glucose level be of a patient experiencing this?
High blood sugar
Generally anything over 126 would be considered hyperglycemic (many different sources have different amounts)
What is SIADH the opposite of?
Diabets Insipidus
What is ADH and what does it do?
anti diuretic hormone
it helps regulate the amount of water in the body
What are the 3 P's of diabetes?
Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?
pallor, tremor, anxiety, tachycardia, palpitations, headache, dizziness, irritability, fatigue
severe symptoms: seizure, coma, death
What are the symptoms of hyperglycemia?
Dehydration, fruity breath, confusion, ketones in urine, nausea, vomiting
Severe symptoms: diabetic coma
What can be the causes of SIADH
SIADH occurs when the pituitary gland releases too much ADH
What is the main nursing intervention for a patient with DI
Nursing interventions are aimed at protecting the patient from injury
What is the priority nursing intervention for treatment
Fluid and electrolyte replacement
What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Type 1- pancreas no longer produces insulin
Type 2- individual becomes resistant to insulin
What would be considered a normal blood glucose levels before and after meals?
Before- 70-99
After Less than 140
Again many different resources suggest different levels
What are the manifestations of SIADH
Fluid overload, weight gain, oliguria, concentrated urine, hyponatremia
What are the manifestations of Diabetes insipidus?
polyuria, polidypsia, diluted urine, dehydration
What is the amount for fluid restriction for a patient with DI.
500 ML a day
What is diabetic neuropathy?
When hyperglycemia causes damage to the nerves and can interfere with sensory signals
-individuals would be unable to distinguish from hot/cold, sharp/dull
-have pain, tingling and numbness
-have poor circulation and pour wound healing
What is metabolic syndrome?
Cluster of biomedical and physiological abnormalities that are associated with Type 2 diabetes. Can increase chances of stroke, MI
Signs: Large waist circumference
metaBOLic
B- bp high
O- obesity
L- lipids high
What level would be considered high in an individual with SIADH
ADH
Treatment of diabetes insipidus
determine the source
rehydrate the patient
give medications to replace ADH such as vasopressin and desmopressin
How is DI diagnosed?
Diagnosed with urine spectrometry and lab values, along with a careful history
What are the oral medication options for Type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
Glipizide
What are the rapid acting insulin options for Type 1 diabetes?
Rapid acting insulin
-aspart (novolog)
-lispro (humalog)
gluisine (apidra)