Airway & Beyond
What is the upper airway composed of?
Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx
What is a normal adult respiratory rate?
12–20 breaths per minute
What is the Cincinnati Stroke Scale used to identify?
Stroke
What is the treatment for a conscious hypoglycemic patient?
Oral glucose
What medication is used to treat anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What airway sound indicates swelling and possible upper airway obstruction?
Stridor
What’s a normal capillary refill time in adults?
Less than 2 seconds
What causes angina pectoris?
Temporary lack of oxygen to the heart
What is the normal blood glucose range in a non-fasting adult?
80–120 mg/dL
Which immunologic condition involves two or more body systems and can rapidly become life-threatening?
Anaphylaxis
What’s the tidal volume for an average adult?
500 mL
What is a weak and rapid pulse commonly associated with?
Shock
What type of stroke is caused by a ruptured blood vessel?
Hemorrhagic stroke
What is a key sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Kussmaul respirations
What is the adult intramuscular dose of epinephrine from an auto-injector?
0.3 mg
What are the two primary indications for providing positive pressure ventilation with a BVM?
Respiratory failure and apnea
What does a GCS score of 3 indicate, and break down the categories for each scale.
Deep unconsciousness / no response
Eye: 1, Verbal: 1, Motor: 1
What is the difference between angina and a myocardial infarction?
Angina is temporary and relieved by rest; MI causes tissue death and is not relieved by rest
What causes polyuria in a hyperglycemic patient?
Excess glucose pulls water into urine (osmotic diuresis)
Which AEIOU-TIPS condition is often associated with pinpoint pupils?
Opioid overdose
What is the term for the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?
Residual volume
What are the five vital signs assessed during a primary assessment?
Pulse, respirations, blood pressure, skin signs, pupils
What is the medical term for difficulty breathing while lying flat?
Orthopnea
What hormone is secreted when blood glucose levels drop?
Glucagon
What is the primary physiological cause of death in anaphylaxis?
Airway obstruction