Magnetic
Fundamentals
Fundamentals
The base SI unit of magnetic field strength?
What is the kg s-2 A-1?
What direction is the induced current, according to Lenz’s Law?
It always opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
Name one element whose ground state is ferromagnetic.
What is iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), or nickel (Ni)?
This gentle marine mammal, sometimes called a sea cow, winters in Florida’s warm waters.
What is a manatee?
The line integral of the magnetic field (B) around a closed loop is equal to the permeability constant (μ0) multiplied by the total current (I) passing through any open surface S whose perimeter is the path of integration dl.
What is Ampère's Law?
The Bohr magneton, μB, represents what physical quantity?
What is the quantum of the electron magnetic moment?
This device/technology converts electrical energy into mechanical rotation using magnetic fields?
What is an electric motor?
What happens at the Néel temperature?
When antiferromagnetic materials lose their spontaneous magnetic order and become paramagnetic.
Florida is known as the ____________ state.
What is the sunshine state?
Name the physicist behind this principle used in generators, transformers, and other technologies, and its mathematical form is expressed as:
EMF=−N ΔΦ/Δt
where N is the number of turns in the coil, ΔΦ is the change in magnetic flux, and Δt is the change in time.
Who is Michael Faraday?
The Hamiltonian term -u * B, where u is the magnetic moment of the atom, represents what physical interaction?
What is the Zeeman interaction?
This simple component converts electrical energy directly into light using electron flow through a semiconductor.
What is a light-emitting diode (LED)?
A material that becomes magnetized only when placed in an external magnetic field and loses magnetization once the field is removed is called what?
What is a paramagnet?
This 1.5-million-acre wetland ecosystem, stretching from Lake Okeechobee to the southern coast, is home to alligators, sawgrass, and endangered panthers.
What are the Everglades?
He first discovered that an electric current can create a magnetic field, marking the birth of electromagnetism.
Who is Hans Christian Ørsted?
The magnetic moment of an atom arises primarily from these two sources of angular momentum.
What are orbital and spin angular momentum?
The phenomenon where resistance changes in response to an applied magnetic field in a ferromagnetic material?
What is magnetoresistance?
In these magnetic materials, randomly distributed ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions cause spins to freeze in disordered directions below a certain temperature.
What are spin glasses?
The southernmost city in the continental U.S., known for sunsets and Ernest Hemingway’s cats.
What is Key West?
Their equation describes the precession and damping of magnetization in ferromagnets under an applied field.
Who are Landau and Lifshitz (Landau–Lifshitz equation)?
These rules determine whether electron spins in a shell will align parallel or antiparallel, maximizing total spin and magnetic moment.
What are Hund's rules?
The discovery that a changing magnetic field can generate an electric current is known as this law.
What is Faraday’s law of induction?
Materials whose macroscopic properties arise from inherently quantum-mechanical phenomena such as entanglement, topology, strong correlations, or spin–orbit coupling.
What are quantum materials?
This oil tycoon developed Florida’s east coast and built the Florida East Coast Railway to Palm Beach.
Who is Henry Flagler?
Name this formula/law:
∇ * B = 0
What is Gauss’s law for magnetism?