Threats to Validity
Threat to internal validity that involves a gradual change over time due to growing older, stronger, or smarter
Maturation
A teacher counting how many times a student raises his hands would be an example of what type of assessment method
Frequency count
Two observers are assessing their level of agreement using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. They calculate an agreement ratio of r = .93. Does this indicate strong or unrelated agreement?
This type of design includes multiple intervention and baseline phases
ABAB
Another term for a false positive
Type 1 Error
All students participating in a study suddenly receive a new teacher. This threat to validity is known as ...
History
During a 30-second interval, you are asked to identify whether the behavior occurred during the entire interval. This assessment method is known as...
Whole interval recording
Calculating the agreement between two observers independently recording behaviors often during frequency observations
Frequency ratio
Identifying whether or not there is a data "jump" between phases
Level (change)
The simplest explanation that describes a phenomenon of interest
Parsimony
This threat to external validity is defined as the extent to which results could be generalized to subjects
Generalizability in subjects
During a 30-second interval, you are asked to identify whether the behavior occurred at the end of the interval. This is known as what type of assessment method?
Assesses whether there is agreement within each instance of the observed behavior usually during specific intervals.
Point-by-point agreement
A researcher wants to examine the effects of praise on student behavior during math, reading, and science. What design would they implement?
Multiple baseline design
An error that occurs when a test for a disease reports a negative result when the patient is infected.
Excessive variability in data is a type of threat known as...
Threat to Data-Evaluation Validity
During a 30-second interval, you are asked to identify if the behavior occurred at all. This is known as what type of assessment method?
Partial interval recording
When an observer slowly moves away from the operationalized definition of the behavior this may affect levels of agreement. This is known as...
Observer drift
Comparing the points in the intervention phase that do not overlap with the points in baseline is known as...
A hypothesis that differs from the one that the researcher was interested in examining
Plausible hypothesis
Any change that takes place in the measure or assessment procedure that would result in a threat to internal validity is known as...
Instrumentation
Identifying whether or not a task was completed (completed vs. not completed) is an example of what type of assessment method?
Discrete Categorization
The agreement helps establish (reliability or accuracy) in the data collected.
Reliability
Draw a graph with change in mean, trend (slope), and rapid latency with no change in level
(View response)
In a logic model, the resources required for a program (or study) are also known as?
Inputs