Mass
This law describes how concentration changes with both time and position due to diffusion, and is mathematically expressed as ∂C/∂t = D∂²C/∂x²
What is Fick’s Second Law of Diffusion?
This controller mode produces an output proportional only to the current error — it’s the “P” in PID.
What is proportional control?
In a pipeline, when viscous forces dominate over inertial forces, the velocity profile becomes parabolic and mixing occurs only by molecular diffusion.
What is laminar flow?
This Dutch driver won his first Formula 1 World Championship in 2021 after a dramatic final race in Abu Dhabi.
Who is Max Verstappen?
This ancient river valley civilization, located in present-day Pakistan and northwest India, is known for its advanced urban planning, drainage systems, and cities like Mohenjo-daro.
What is the Indus Valley Civilization?
This type of diffusion occurs when two species diffuse in opposite directions at equal molar rates, resulting in zero net molar flux through a stationary reference frame.
What is Equimolar Counter Diffusion?
This controller action reacts to how fast the error is changing, helping to reduce overshoot.
What is derivative control?
In turbulent flow near a boundary, this thin region exists where viscous shear stress dominates, even though turbulence is present in the bulk.
What is the viscous sublayer?
This London football club, nicknamed “The Blues,” won the UEFA Champions League in both 2012 and 2021.
What is Chelsea FC?
The 1919 treaty that ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
The slope of the equilibrium curve in an absorption process is determined by this property of the gas–liquid pair.
What is the Henry’s law constant?
This analytical technique measures the change in a sample’s mass as it is heated, cooled, or held at a constant temperature over time.
What is thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)?
Closing a valve too quickly in a long pipeline can cause this high-pressure surge, potentially damaging equipment.
What is water hammer?
This Australian fast bowler is known for his deadly accuracy and retired with 563 Test wickets, the most by any fast bowler at the time.
Who is Glenn McGrath?
This South African leader spent 27 years in prison before becoming the country’s first Black president in 1994.
Who is Nelson Mandela?
In a packed absorption column, this phenomenon occurs when liquid chooses shortcuts down the walls instead of evenly wetting the packing — reducing effective area.
What is channeling?
In control systems, this term describes the time gap between when a change is made to the input and when its effect is first observed in the output.
What is dead time?
In compressible flow, once this condition is reached at a nozzle throat, further decrease in downstream pressure doesn’t increase mass flow rate. here mach no is 1.(DD)
What is choked flow (or sonic flow)?
This undefeated British heavyweight, nicknamed “The Gypsy King,” made a stunning comeback from retirement and mental health struggles to reclaim the WBC title in 2020.
Who is Tyson Fury?
Before becoming the first President of the United States, he led the Continental Army to victory over the British in the American Revolutionary War.
Who is George Washington?
This flooding-related term marks the gas velocity at which further increase causes excessive liquid holdup and loss of column efficiency.
What is the flooding velocity?
In control systems, this frequency-response technique plots the open-loop gain and phase to assess stability margins.
What is a Bode plot?
In turbulent flow analysis, this smallest scale of eddies — where viscous dissipation of energy occurs — is named after this scientist.
What is the Kolmogorov microscale?
This Greek tennis player reached his first Grand Slam final at the 2021 French Open, eventually losing to Novak Djokovic.
Who is Stefanos Tsitsipas?
This failed 1605 conspiracy aimed to blow up the English Parliament and assassinate King James I, forever linking one conspirator’s name with November 5th.
What is the Gunpowder Plot?