Communication is key.
Cell signaling between/from nearby cells.
What is paracrine signaling?
This is the structure formed when TWO tyrosine kinase receptors are activated and aggregate.
What is a DIMER?
This term refers to any ligand or ligand/receptor complex whos cell response is to regulate gene expression.
What is a Transcription Factor?
A disorder in which cells lose the ability to control growth by not responding to regulation. The cells lose anchorage dependency and density-dependency regulation.
What is cancer?
Animal cells communicate through ____ junctions, not plasmodesmata, like plants.
What is gap?
Activation of a G-Protein involves the addition of THIS energetic molecule that triggers the G-protein to move along the plasma membrane to activate an accessory enzyme.
What is GTP?
THIS IS THE NUMBER of alpha-helix proteins that make up typical G-protein coupled receptors.
What is SEVEN?
Protein-phosphatases are molecules whose job is to remove phosphate groups from activated kinases. THIS term describes the process.
what is DE-PHOSPHORYLATION?
The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without cellular energy input is called this.
Passive Transport (simple diffusion)
Ligands and receptor proteins are very specific in their structures allowing only "target cells" to be triggered by appropriate signaling. Biologists may relate their complementary shape to THIS common pairing.
What is a Lock and Key?
This term describes the chemistry of ligands that are recieved by intracellular receptors.
What is NON-POLAR
THIS is the number of ATP molecules needed for phosphorylation of all the tyrosine binding sites on a Tyrosine Kinase Receptor complex.
What is SIX?
This accessory enzyme is activated in many G-protein pathways and converts ATP into cAMP to serve as a second messenger.
What is Adenalyl Cyclase?
A cell is placed into an unknown solution. Water will move into the cell, potentially causing it to swell. What is the "TONICITY" of solution surrounds the cell?
what is HYPOTONIC
What is Amplification?
This two word term refers to the change in shape that a protein undergoes when activated by a ligand or the addition of a phosphate group.
What is a CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE?
A string of kinase activation may be referred to by this two word term...its not a waterfall!
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
Animals cells lack a cell wall and more susceptible to THIS rupturing of the cell membrane if immersed in a hypotonic solution.
What is LYSIS?
This molecule, a common second messenger, is "manufactured" by Adenalyl Cyclase during the epinephrine response (...and in other pathways too)
what is Cyclic-AMP or cAMP
These are molecules involved in the DE-PHOSPHORYLATION process by stripping phosphate groups to de-activate kinases.
What are Protein Phosphatases? (must give more than just PP)
THIS is a common kinase in many cell signaling pathways, including the epinephrine pathway.
What is PKA (protein kinase A)?
THESE structures make up most of the cytoskeleton and provide a pathway for exocytosis of vesicles.
What are microtubules?