Skeletal Basics
What are the 2 types of skeletons?
Endoskeleton and Exoskeleton
Define a bone.
Hard tissue that supports and protects other organs, mostly calcium; makes red blood cells.
Where is an example of a planer joint at?
Vertebrae/Back
What is a long bone? Also, give an example.
Supports columns, assist in support, locomotion and eating. Example - femur
What animal has an endoskeleton? What animal has an exoskeleton?
Dog, cat, cow, humans; scorpion, turtle, crab
What are the 4 functions of the skeletal systems?
Form, Protection, Support, Strength, Levers for Muscles
Define cartilage.
Firm, flexible tissue that is not as hard as bone; prevents bones from grinding against each other; found at the end of long bones.
Where is an example of a pivot joint?
Neck
What is a short bone? Also, give an example.
Shaped like cube, located in complex joints; diffuse concessions and diminishes friction. Example - knee/hock
What is the jaw called?
Manidible
What are the 3 parts of the skeleton?
Axial, Appendicular, Pelvic
Define Ligaments.
Strongm white bands; tissue that connects bone to bone.
Where is an example of a ball & socket joint?
Hip
What is a flat bone? Also, give an example.
Protect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs. Wider and longer than thick.
Example - Scapula/Skull
Do humans have digits or phalanges? Why?
Phalanges - because we have individual fingers and not hooves/hoofs like a cow or horse.
What is the Axial Skeleton also called?
The midline
Define Tendons.
Tissue that connects bone to muscle.
Where is an example of a hinge joint?
Knee/Patella
What is a pneumatic bone? Also, give an example.
Contains air spaces called sinuses in contact with the atmosphere. Example - Front facial bones
What are the two parts of the pelvis called?
Ilium and Ischium
Name the 3 parts of the skeleton and give an example of a bone in each category.
Axial - skull, vertebrae, tail, ribs, sternum
Appendicular - scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, digits
Pelvic - pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, digits
Define Joints.
Where bones meet and allow for movement.
Where is an example of an ellipsoid joint at?
Carpus/Tarus
What is an irregular bone? Also, give an example.
Protection and support of the central nervous system; points of some muscle attachment and cannot be classified as anything else. Example - vertebrae
What is the difference between red marrow and yellow marrow?
Red - inside of cavities of spongy bone and formation of red blood cells
Yellow - fat and energy storage