Bone Cells and Composition
What are the two major salts in the bone?
The new bone is laid in successive layers of concentric circles. The new bone's name.
What is lamellae? What is osteon?
What are the two main vitamins in the bone?
The four stages of fracture healing
What is inflammation, repair, remodeling, and maintenance?
Muscle gain
How does bone density go up?
The cell that absorbs old bone and the cell that deposits new bone
What is the role of osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
The mechanism of osteoclasts
What is the O.clasts send villa-like projections, villi secretes proteolytic enzymes (dissolve organic matrix) and several acids (cause solution of bone salts), phagocytosis, and release products into blood?
activated when we have low blood calcium
When is PTH activated?
The problems that disrupt proper healing
What is displacement, instability, poor blood supply?
stimulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity
What does exercise do?
The bonding prevents crystals and collagen fibers from slipping out of place
What is the role of tightly bound, adjacent hydroxyapatite crystals
Bone adjusts strength according to stress, bone shape can rearrange for support from stress patterns, and creation of new organic matrix
What is the value of continual bone remodeling?
The role of vitamin D
What is absorption of bone with excess V.D., prevents PTH causing bone absorption while lacking V.D., and promotes bone calcification in lower amounts of V.D.?
The step after the fracture site bleeds and forms hematoma
What is fibroblasts migrate to fracture site, creating a fibrin mesh?
The principles to promote bone health with exercise
What is specificity, overload, initial values, diminishing returns, more is not always better, and reversibility?
These provide great tensile strength while these provide great compressional strength
What is the role of collagen fibers and calcium salts?
Parts of the RANK-ligand pathway
What is RANk-ligand:protein expressed by O.blast
What is RANK:receptor on O.clasts
What is OPG:protein expressed by O.blasts. Also inhibits R-L and regulates bone reabsorption
The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is activation of O.clasts and increasing of calcium and phosphate reabsorption?
The process that raises osteoblast population
What is proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells?
strengthening bone density through diet and exercise and avoiding weight loading activities
How can women with osteoporosis prevent fractures?
epiphyseal plates
The remodeling of bone steps
What is osteoblasts express RANK ligand, R-L binds to RANK on O.clast precursors and on mature O.clasts, O.blasts migrate to pits from O.clasts, O.blasts fill with new bone matrix, and matrix mineralizes.
Calcitonin
Which hormone decreases calcium concentration, regulates osteoclasts?
The steps of creating a callus between two broken bone ends
What is the activation of all O.blast, formation of osteoprogenitor cells, large bulge of osteoblastic tissue and new organic bone matrix, and deposition of calcium salts
It creates hydro pressure within the bones fluid
How does exercise lead to production of new bone?