Ulna
What are the four functions of the Skeletal system?
Support and Protection, Storage of minerals and lipids, Blood cell production, Leverage
Which part of the long bone contains cancellous bone primarily? What is the cavity inferior to it?
Epiphysis, Medullary
What is the cancellous layer in the cranium called?
Diploe
What is the composition of the Bone matrix?
2/3 Calcium Phosphate, 1/3 collagen fibers
From Superior to inferior, what are the structures of the long bone?
Epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diaphysis, Metaphysis, Epiphysis
What are the four different types of bone cells?
Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts,Osteogenic
What cells do not divide? What are their functions?
Osteocytes, maintain protein and mineral conetnt of matrix(dissolve and rebuild matrix), Help repair damaged bone.
What are immature bone cells? What is their function(what process)?
Osteoblast, Produce new bone matrix through ossification
What is the name of the matrix before calcium salts are deposited?
Osteoid
What type of bone cell can become another bone cell? What can it become?
Osteocyte can become Osteoblast
What are the multinucleated cells? What are their functions?
Osteoclasts, dissolve bone matrix and release minerals, regulate Ca2+ and Phosphate
What cells build bone and what cells recycle to help maintain balance? What is it called to maintain this balance?
Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Homeostasis
What is the name of the disease where the bone matrix is missing collagenic elements?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
What are four things that make up the Haversian system?
1. central canal
2. Lamellae
3. Canaliculi
4. Lacunae
What is the dominant composition of the bone that can withstand force in multiple directions?
Trabeculae filled with yellow bone marrow
Bone replacing existing cartilage is know as what? Bone develops from mesenchyme is known as what? Which process goes with which bones?
Endochondral ossification(long)- Intramembranous ossification(skull)
A young patient(13yr) has been brough to the hospital with a broken arm. The X-ray shows that he has broken the humerus superiorly to the metaphysis. What did he break and what will happen to the bone?
He broke his epiphyseal plate and the bone will no longer grow.
What type of of growth would you expect to see with an increase in diameter?
Appositional growth
What specific part of the bone hurts to break? Why?
It is the Periosteum, because it contains the lymphatic vessels and the sensory nerves.
What is the name of the canal running perpendicular to the central canal. (Must give both names of it to recieve full credit)
Perforating/ Volkmann's canal
Calcium is absorbed inro the blood stream by what hormone? What is the normal range?
Calcitriol, 8.5-11.0mg/dL
This disorder occurs when the Growth Hormone is being overproduced after puberty. What would we expect to see effected by this?
Acromegaly, face, mandible, hands
To increase Ca2+ levels, what will be released and how will it increase Ca2+ levels concerning the bone?
Parathyroid Hormone(PTH). By stimulating Osteoclasts, it breaks down bone and releases the Ca2+.
This type of fracture results from one side of the shaft being broken
Greenstick Fracture
What hormone depletion causes a decrease in bone mass around 30-40 years old? What disease is this?
Estrogen, Osteopenia