Topic 1
What are the bones of the wrist?
Carpals
Between what ages does skeletal maturity usually occur?
18-25
What kind of joint is the shoulder?
Ball-and-socket
What vitamin is most important for healthy bones?
Vitamin D
How many bones make up the skull?
22 – 8 cranium, 14 facial
What provides a smooth surface for the movement of bones?
Cartilage
How many types of specialized bone cells exist?
3
What is osteoarthritis?
Loss of cartilage at a joint
What is the disease in which bones lose mass and become more fragile than they should be.
Osteoporosis
Joints connecting what type of bones are more likely to be affected by osteoarthritis?
Long bones
What are specialized bone cells that regulate mineral homeostasis?
Osteocytes
The process in which mineral deposits replace cartilage and change it into bone is called what?
Ossification
In what joint is the end of one bone partially surrounded by the end of the other bone, allowing partial movement as one bone rotates inside the other?
Pivot
What joint allows one bone to slide over another?
Plane
What are the two most common disorders of the skeletal system?
Osteoarthritis & osteoporosis
The light, porous inner layer of bone that contains bone marrow is known as what?
Spongy bone
What bones are roughly cube-shaped and have only a thin layer of compact bone surrounding a spongy interior?
What happens if osteoclasts outperform osteoblasts?
Bone loss
The type of joint that has a fluid-filled joint cavity is called what?
Synovial joint
When do bones become increasingly ossified and grow larger?
Through fetal development, childhood, and adolescence
The soft connective tissue in spongy bone that produces blood cells is what?
Bone marrow
What is the dense outer layer of bone?
Compact bone
Why may teenagers who use anabolic steroids not reach their full growth potential?
Shorter period of cartilage growth
A movable joint is protected and cushioned by what?
Cartilage and synovial fluid
What are two of the most important nutrients for a healthy skeletal system?
Calcium & vitamin D