Function and Structure
What are the functions of bones? (At least two points)
- Protects and supports surrounding tissue and organs.
- Attachment place for muscles.
- Storage of minerals and energy.
- Production of red blood cells.
What are the four main types of bone?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
What does the skull protect? What does the spine protect?
- The skull: The brain
- The spine: The spinal cord
How many ribs are there in total?
24 - 12 on each side.
The clavicle and scapula.
How many bones are in the human body and what are the main two types?
- 206 bones in the human body, once growth is done.
- Compact bones and spongy bones.
- Refers to the vertical central axis of the body.
- The cranium (skull), spine, and rib cage.
What are the sections of the spine?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
What are the parts of the sternum?
- Manubrium
- Sternum body
- Xiphoid process
What two sections of the body does the pelvic girdle connect?
The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. (Spine and legs)
What are the main three types of bone cells and what are their functions?
- Osteoblasts: Help harden and recreate bone when broken.
- Osteoclasts: Help break down bone cells and remodel them.
- Osteocytes: Control amount of protein and minerals in the bone matrix.
What is the appendicular skeleton? What bones does it include?
- Refers to all the bones included in the lower and upper limbs.
How many bones are in each division of the spine?
- Cervical: 7
- Thoracic: 12
- Lumbar: 5
- Sacrum: 1, but 5 bones fused together.
- Coccyx: 1, but 3-5 bone are fused together.
What helps hold the ribs to the sternum?
Coastal Cartilage
What are the two parts of the spine that are connected to the pelvic girdle?
The Sacrum and Coccyx.
What are the three major sections of the long bone?
The diaphysis and the epiphysis.
What does your axial skeleton protect? (Two answers)
What are the major bones that make up the skull?
- Parietal
- Occiptial
- Temporal
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
What are the divisions of the rib cage, and how many ribs are there in each?
- True Ribs: 7
- False Ribs: 3
- Floating Ribs: 2
What is the joint in the pectoral girdle called?
Acromioclavicular joint.
In a dully grown adult, what can be found in the diaphysis of a long bone?
How many bones are found in each division? (Two answers)
- Axial Skeleton: 80
- Appendicular Skeleton: 126
How many bones make up the skull? (Each section has multiple bones fused together)
28
What is the proper name for the rib cage?
Thoracic cage.
What four parts make up the pelvic girdle? (Not including the Sacrum and Coccyx)
- Illium
- Ischium
- Pubis
- Pubic symphysis