DEFINE IT!
Define the structural units of compact bone? (What is it called?)
What is Osteon?
Identify the primary tissue/material stored in yellow bone marrow?
What is fat (adipose tissue)?
Name 2 different bones between the Axial and Appendicular skeletons?
What is?!?!?!?
Why is Ms. Brown gone and why?
She is in Hawaii and is there for a wedding but is also running a marathon?
What is hematopoiesis?
Identify and locate the primary bones of the skull (Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal, Maxilla, Mandible)?
POINT EM OUT!
Give an example of the abnormal spine curvature discussed in class?
What is Scoliosis, Kyphosis, and Lordosis...?
Differentiate the function of ligaments vs. tendons?
What is, Ligaments connect bone to bone, providing joint stability and limiting excessive movement, while tendons connect muscle to bone, transmitting force to create movement?
Explain the role of the epiphyseal plate/line in bone growth?
What is a layer of hyaline cartilage in growing long bones that allows for longitudinal growth?
Name the eight cranial bones?
What is the Frontal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid bones, plus the paired Parietal bones (two) and Temporal bones (two)?
Identify the two primary minerals stored within bone tissue?
What is calcium and phosphorus?
Identify the common names for the following bones: breastbone, arm bone, wrist bones, and the two major bones of the leg?
What is the Breastbone: Sternum
Arm bone: Humerus
Wrist bones: Carpals
Two major bones of the leg : Tibia and Fibula?
Differentiate the three major bone cell types by function and maturity?
What is Osteoblasts (bone builders) that secrete matrix, then get trapped and mature into Osteocytes that monitor the matrix, while large, multi-nucleated Osteoclasts break down bone for remodeling, all working together for bone homeostasis?
Identify and define the microscopic structures of compact bone?
What is the center around the Osteon (Haversian System), a cylindrical unit containing concentric rings (Lamellae) of matrix, housing mature bone cells (Osteocytes) in spaces (Lacunae).
Identify the specific protective layer covering the epiphyses?
What is the Articular Cartilage?
Identify the main characteristics and an example of a fibrous joint?
What is Fibrous joints connect bones with dense fibrous connective tissue, offering stability with little to no movement, primarily for protection, with examples including skull sutures (immovable), syndesmoses (like between radius/ulna), and gomphoses (teeth in sockets?
Explain the structure and function of the major components of a typical long bone (e.g., diaphysis, epiphyses, medullary cavity, periosteum)?
What is the central shaft (diaphysis) with hard compact bone and a marrow-filled medullary cavity, widened, spongy epiphyses at the ends for joints, a growth plate (epiphyseal) for lengthening, and a tough outer periosteum providing nutrients, nerves, and repair, all working together for support, movement, and marrow production?
List and explain the five functions of the skeletal system?
What are Support (framework for the body), Protection (shielding vital organs like the brain/heart), Movement (bones act as levers with muscles), Mineral Storage (holding calcium/phosphorus), and Blood Cell Production (hematopoiesis in red marrow).
List the bones based on their shape and provide and example of each?
What is the Long bones=longer than wide, for movement;
Short bones=cube-like, offering stability;
Flat bones=thin and curved, protecting organs;
Irregular bones=complex shapes;
Sesamoid=small, round, embedded in tendons
List and describe the four sequential steps required for bone fracture repair?
What is Hematoma Formation (inflammation and clotting), Soft Callus Formation (fibrocartilage bridge), Hard Callus Formation (woven bone replacing cartilage), and Bone Remodeling (reshaping to original form)?