Vocabulary & Structure
this is a bone-building cell
osteoblast
why is compact bone organized into osteons?
osteons organize compact bone around blood vessels and increase strength
what is bone matrix composed of?
proteins and minerals
which hormone increases blood calcium?
parathyroid hormone
which process forms most long bones?
endochondral ossification
this is a bone-resorbing/breaking cell
osteoclast
why does spongy bone contain many open spaces?
reduces weight and allows space for marrow
why is collagen important to bone tissue?
provides flexibility and tensile strength
which hormone promotes calcium deposition into bone?
calcitonin
this form of ossification develops bone directly from connective tissue
intramembranous ossification
this is a mature bone cell that maintains bone tissue
osteocyte
what would happen if osteoclast activity greatly exceeded osteoblast activity?
decreased bone strength and density
why is calcium phosphate important in bone tissue?
provides hardness and compression resistance
this is the active form of vitamin D
calcitriol
this form of ossification involves bone replacing cartilage
endochondral ossification
this is the structural unit of compact bone
osteon
what would happen if bone remodeling stopped completely?
bones could weaken and calcium balance would be disrupted
why are both collagen and minerals necessary in bone?
bone requires flexibility and hardness for proper function
how does calcitriol help maintain calcium homeostasis?
increases calcium absorption from the digestive system
this is the site of longitudinal bone growth
epiphyseal plate
this is the lattice-like structure in spongy bone
trabeculae
how does the bone matrix demonstrate the structure-function relationship?
collagen provides flexibility while minerals provide strength
what would happen if blood calcium levels decreased significantly?
muscle/nervous dysfunction may occur, parathyroid hormone may be released
what would happen if the epiphyseal plate closed early?
bone growth/height would stop early