General Skeleton
What is the total number of bones in an adult skeleton?
206
Embryonic cells that gather and differentiate into specialized cells are called __________.
a. dense regular connective cells
b. trabeculae cells
c. dense irregular connective cells
d. mesenchymal cells
e. osteon cells
d. mesenchymal cells
What percentage of the skeleton is remodeled annually just by destroying old bone and renewing it with fresh bone?
A. 2%
B. 10%
C. 20%
D. 50%
E. 75%
C. 20%
What does ROM stand for?
Range Of Motion
What is the only site where bone is capable of growing longer?
The sternum, ribs, scapulae, and cranial bones are categorized as.....
flat bones
What statement best describes osteoclast cells?
a. Bone stem cells capable of replication.
b. Differentiated bone cells that form new bone matrix.
c. The most common cells in bone tissue and are fully mature.
d. Cells responsible for bone breakdown.
e. The cells responsible for blood flow through the bone.
b. Differentiated bone cells that form new bone matrix.
What is the principal cause of the familiar bone ache sensation that we experience during an illness?
What disorder results from a reduction in the amount of hyaline cartilage at the joints?
a. Osteoarthritis
b. rickets
c. carcinoma
d. osteoporosis
e. melanoma
A. osteoarthritis
Which of the following statements best describes the epiphyses?
a. They are located at both ends of a long bone.
b. It is the end of the bone closest to the trunk.
c. It is the end of the bone farthest from the trunk.
d. It is the shaft between the two diaphysis.
e. It is the hollow region within the diaphysis.
a. They are located at both ends of a long bone.
What are the primary categories of bones of the adult skeleton?
What statement best describes osteocytes?
a. Bone stem cells capable of replication.
b. Differentiated bone cells that form new bone matrix.
c. The most common cells in bone tissue and are fully mature.
d. Cartilaginous structures that aid in cellular removal.
e. Blood vessels that run through the cartilage.
c. The most common cells in bone tissue and are fully mature.
Which gland secrets growth hormone (GH), which controls bone growth?
Pituitary gland
During a physical assessment, a patient moves the forearm from a position in which the elbow is fully flexed to one in which the arm is completely straightened. Which movement has occurred at the elbow joint?
A. Hyperextension
B. Extension
C. Abduction
D. Supination
B. Extension
The periosteum is __________.
a. the zone of cartilaginous growth in long bones
b. the outer bone layer that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone
c. an area where there is little to no bone growth, which typically occurs within an adult
d. on the surface of sesamoid bones only, where formation of bone within a tendon occurs
e. only found on the surface of flat bones where no growth occurs
b. the outer bone layer that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone
A projection is a bony marking that is a(n) __________.
a. joint where two bone surfaces come together
b. area of a bone above the surface of the bone
c. rounded protuberance at the end of some bones
d. small, rounded process for muscle attachments
e. space, or hole, though the bone
B. area of a bone above the surface of the bone
Which statement best describes a major function of articular cartilage?
a. A thin layer of fibrocartilage that protects and supports bone development
b. A layer of hyaline cartilage that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone
c. A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones and acts as a shock absorber
d. A thick layer of elastic cartilage only found at the end of long bones
e. Cartilage found only between short bones to prevent friction because the bones are so close together
c. A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones and acts as a shock absorber
Which hormone increases the activity of osteoblasts, resulting in more bone matrix?
Thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)
When an individual rotates the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly in the anatomical position, which movement is being performed?
A. Supination
B. Pronation
C. Circumduction
D. Lateral rotation
B. Pronation
Which of the following statements best describes the diaphysis?
a. It is located at both ends of a long bone.
b. It is the end of the bone closest to the trunk.
c. It is the end of the bone farthest from the trunk.
d. It is the shaft between the two epiphyses.
e. It is the hollow region within the diaphysis.
d. It is the shaft between the two epiphyses.
Describe the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons.
The axial skeleton forms the central axis of the body and primarily supports and protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs, whereas the appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and their associated girdles, facilitating movement and locomotion.
What statement best describes the role of fibrocartilage in the skeletal system?
a. A component of joints that can withstand heavy loads.
b. Maintains hydration levels.
c. Reduces any pain or damage to the underlying bones.
d. Fights off pathogens, or disease.
e. Found in the external ears, tip of the nose, and the epiglottis.
a. A component of joints that can withstand heavy loads.
1. Which hormone increases osteoclast proliferation and activity, resulting in less bone matrix?
2. What is the soft bone matrix devoid of minerals that hardens as calcium referred to as?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
2. Osteoid
The shoulder joint permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Which structural classification best accounts for this extensive range of motion?
A. Plane synovial joint
B. Hinge synovial joint
C. Ball-and-socket synovial joint
D. Pivot synovial joint
C. Ball-and-socket synovial joint
As a person ages, what happens to the quantity of yellow bone marrow?