Skeletal Functions
A patient suffers a skull fracture after a fall. This function of the skeletal system is demonstrated by the skull.
What is protection of the brain?
Structurally, this type of joint is held together by cartilage
What is cartilanginous?
The femur is longer than it is wide and has a shaft with enlarged ends.
What is a long bone?
A patient has bones that become weak and porous, increasing the risk of fractures. What disorder does the patient most likely have?
What is osteoporosis?
Which synovial joint allows rotation around a central axis, as seen when turning your head side to side?
What is a pivot joint?
A patient with a damaged red bone marrow supply develops anemia. Which skeletal function is impaired?
Blood cell production, or hematopoiesis.
The immovable joint that holds the bones in the skull together.
What is a suture?
The vertebrae have complex shapes that do not fit the long, short, or flat categories. How are they classified?
What are irregular bones?
A patient has a fracture that produces several bone fragments rather than one clean break. What type of fracture is this?
What is communited
First major event after a bone fracture
What is a hematoma?
A patient has been on bed rest for several months and develops weakened bones. Which skeletal function has been negatively affected by the lack of mechanical stress?
Support and maintenance of bone strength. Bones remodel in response to mechanical stress.
This type of joint allows free movement, such as the shoulder or knee.
What is diarthrosis?
The carpals of the wrist are roughly cube-shaped. How are these bones classified?
What are short bones?
A patient experiences painful, swollen joints because the protective cartilage has deteriorated. Which degenerative joint disorder is most likely responsible?
What is osteoarthritis?
Which hormone is released by the thyroid gland's parafollicular (C) cells when blood calcium levels are too high?
What is calcitonin?
A patient has difficulty maintaining normal blood calcium levels.
What is storage?
Bones act as a mineral reservoir, storing calcium and releasing it into the blood when needed.
The sutures between the bones of an adult skull allow virtually no movement. Functionally, how is it classified?
What is synarthrosis?
The sternum, ribs, and scapula protect organs or provide broad surfaces for muscle attachment. What bone shape do they share?
What are flat bones?
A patient has an exaggerated posterior curve in the upper back, producing a rounded or hunched appearance. Identify the condition.
What is kyphosis?
Name all six types of synovial joints.
Saddle, ball and socket, condyloid, hinge, gliding/plane, pivot
A patient can move their arms and legs because skeletal muscles pull on bones.
What is movement?
Joints allow movement between bones, and tendons attach muscles to bones.
The pubic symphysis allows limited movement during activities such as walking and childbirth. What functional joint classification describes it?
Amphiarthrosis
A small bone develops within a tendon near a joint and changes the angle at which the tendon pulls. What type of bone is this, and what is one example?
What is a sesamoid bone and patella?
During a physical examination, a patient has an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and uneven shoulders.
What is scoliosis?
Classify the 12 pairs of ribs as true, false, or floating, and explain how the floating ribs differ from the other ribs.
Ribs 1–7 are true ribs because they attach directly to the sternum through their own costal cartilage. Ribs 8–12 are false ribs because they do not attach directly to the sternum. Ribs 11–12 are floating ribs, a subset of false ribs, because they have no anterior attachment to the sternum.