General Bone Knowledge
Name at least 4 functions of bone.
Support, protection, movement, hemopoeisis, and storage
Cranial bones are an example of what type of bone?
Flat bone
What parts make up the axial skeleton? (3)
Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
What are the 4 parts of the upper extremity appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral girdle, brachium, antebrachium, manus
What bones are in the ankle?
Tibia, fibula, and the talus
What are the two types of bone and list 1 difference between the two?
Compact and spongy bone; compact bone arranged in osteons and spongy bone arranged in trabeculae; compact bone is 80% and spongy bone is 20% of bone in the body.
Which cranial bones are paired?
Temporal and parietal
True or False: The axial skeleton helps to support the upper and lower extremities.
False
The hand is made up of how many carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges?
8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges
The head of the fibula articulates with what?
Lateral condyle of the tibia
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect bone to muscle and ligaments connect bone to bone.
What is the cranial suture separating the parietal and frontal bones?
Coronal suture
What are the parts of the ribcage? (6)
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process, jugular notch, clavicular notches, and costal notches
The head of the humerus articulate with what?
The glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint
The lateral and medial condyles articulate with what?
Lateral and medial condyles of the femur: the tibiofemoral joint of the knee
Name the 4 shapes of bones and give an example of each.
Long- femur, humerus, radius, ulna, tibia
Short- carpals, tarsals
Flat- ribs, sternum, scapula, cranial bones
Irregular- patella, vertebrae, sacrum
The skull is made up of how many cranial bones and how many facial bones?
8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
How many pairs of each kind of rib are there?
True ribs (7), false ribs (5), and floating ribs (2)
What are the 4 ligaments of the of the shoulder?
Acromioclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament (2), glenohumeral ligaments
What are the 7 tarsals of the foot?
Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, and medial cuneiform
What are the 5 components of long bones?
Diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage and the medullary cavity.
What bones make up the eye socket? (6)
Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, lacrimal, zygomatic, and maxillary
What are the parts of the spine? (Order from head to end) (5)
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx
What are the two ends of the clavicle, and what are their differences?
Sternal end: medial, articulates with the clavicular notch of the manubrium (sternoclavicular joint)
Acromial end: lateral (FLAT), articulates with the acromial process of the scapula (acromioclavicular joints)
What are the 6 features of the femur?
Head, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, linea aspersions, intercondylar fossa, lateral and medial condyles, and patellar surface