Vocabulary
What attaches bones to bones?
Ligaments
What is an example of a long bone?
Femur and humerus
What type of fracture is incomplete and bends? It is often found in children.
Greenstick fracture
The bone marrow of infants, children, and young adults are _____________, while the bone marrow of older adults turns into ______________.
red bone marrow
yellow fatty bone marrow.
How many bones does the average human body have?
206
What is the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts>
Osteoclasts- break down bone.
Osteoblasts- produce new bone.
What bone classification are the carpals and tarsals?
Short bone
What are the two regions of the long bone?
Diaphysis and epiphysis
How is the physical appearance of spongy bone different than compact bone? (hint: hink about the microscope activity we did)
spongy bone looks like a sponge with many small spaces. Spongy bone is much less dense. While compact bone is solid, hard and provides little room for compression.
What type of joint has the greatest range of motion?
Ball and Socket joint
Compact bone is arranged in cylinders called ____________.
osteons
The coccyx and mandible are part of what bone classification?
Irregular bones
Name two bones found in the appendicular skeleton.
Scapula, ulna, radius, fibula, tibia, clavicle, metacarpals, phalanges, etc.
Explain why the curves of the spine are helpful?
They allow for better balance and distribution of weight.
They also help absorb and distribute stresses that occur from everyday activities such as walking or more intense activities such as running and jumping.
The scapula is an example of what bone classification?
sesamoid bone
What attaches muscle to bones?
Tendons
The scapula is an example of what bone classification?
This x-ray was taken of a 16-year-old female with a twisted arm while playing soccer. What type of fracture is seen in this image? Why do you think so?
Spiral Fracture
What two hormones function to balance the calcium levels in our blood?
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
What bone is the easiest to break?
Clavicle
What is the “growth plate” also called?
Epiphyseal plate
What are the five bone classifications?
Flat bones
Long bones
Irregular bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
Name two bones found in the axial skeleton.
Skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, etc.
Bones of the central axis of the body.
What are the three functions of the skeletal system? There are four identified in our lessons.
Support
Protection of essential organs
Movement
Storage of minerals to be released into the blood stream, such as calcium, and storage of fat in the yellow bone marrow
Manufacturing and production of red and white blood cells from red bone marrow
DAILY DOUBLE
What are the four steps to the bone healing process in order?
Hematoma forms- blood enters the wound. Cells begin to die. Phagocytes ingest dead bone cells and debris.
Callus forms- blood vessels grow. Cartilage forms to hold the bone together.
Callus ossifies- spongy bone forms to replace the cartilage.
Compact bone forms- osteoclasts form a larger medullary cavity. Spongy bone is converted to compact bone.