Category 1: Bone Basics and Functions
What are the two types of tissue that make up your skeleton?
Cartilage and bone
What part of the long bone is the shaft?
Diaphysis
Which cell type translates to "bone produce" and is responsible for creating the osteoid (matrix)?
Osteoblast
What is the process of bone formation from hyaline cartilage called?
Endochondral ossification
What is the first step of fracture repair, where blood vessels are torn and a blood clot forms?
Hematoma forms
Which of the major four types of tissue includes bone?
Connective tissue
Which part of the long bone is made up of spongy bone?
Epiphyses (knobby ends of the bone)
Which cell type is the "mature" bone cell that performs the daily functions of bone?
Osteocyte
Which cells start endochondral ossification by forming a cartilage model of the bone?
Chondrocytes (cartilage cells)
A partial fracture, often seen in infants and toddlers, that causes the bone to bend.
Greenstick
Name the matrix of bone tissue.
Osteoid
What do we call bones of the skeleton that fall on the midline (e.g., skull, vertebrae)?
Axial skeleton
What is the process of removing old, damaged bone and replacing it with new, healthy bone?
Bone remodeling
The Primary Ossification Center is found in which part of the long bone?
Diaphysis
A fracture where the bone breaks the skin.
Open (or Compound)
What is hematopoiesis?
Blood Cell Formation
Bone Function: Producing all three types of blood cells in red marrow (hematopoiesis).
What do we call bones of the skeleton that are not on the midline (e.g., limbs)?
Appendicular skeleton
Why are osteoblasts located on the epiphyseal plates?
To build new bone and allow the bones to grow in length
The Secondary Ossification Centers are found in which part of the long bone?
Epiphyses
A fracture with tons of fragments of bone due to intense force.
Comminuted
What is the hormone produced by bones that helps with other body processes?
Osteocalcin (part of Hormone Production)
If someone loses a significant amount of blood, what does their yellow marrow change into?
Red marrow, to ramp up blood production
Why are osteoclasts located on the endosteum?
To shave away bone and make the medullary cavity wider as the bone grows, preventing it from becoming too heavy
In fracture repair, what is the term for the doctor's action of realigning the broken bone ends?
Reduction
What is the temporary connection of cartilage between the bone ends formed by chondroblasts in the second step of fracture repair?
Soft callus