Skill Acquisition Plans and Discrete Trial Training
A description of the target skill being taught
Skill acquisition plan
Example: A written plan describing how to teach Ryan how to wash hands.
The process of increasing a behavior by either adding or subtracting something from the environment.
Reinforcement
A term used within naturalistic teaching
Incidental Teaching
Ex: Brooklyn wants the ball in your hand. You prompt her to say "ball". When she says the word she gains access to the ball.
This is used to break down a skill into small parts.
Task Analysis
Ex: Ryan is prompted to "wet hands." Once his hands are wet, he is prompted to "get soap." Once he has soap on hid hands, he is prompted to "rub hands together"....etc. until the skill is fully completed.
Staff says to a group of clients during group activity, "voices off" before giving instructions. This is an example of what type of prompt?
Verbal Prompt
Matthew is standing on his chair refusing to work on his task, the teacher prompts him to sit in his chair so he is safe. Matthew gets down and proceeds to walk around the classroom. The teacher praises him for having his feet on the ground and being safe. The teacher will use praise until he is able to pick up his pencil and start working. This is an example of..?
Shaping
The structured process to teach a new skill or behavior in a trial process until it is learned.
Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
Ex: Staff tell Brooklyn "Hi" and wave at her. Staff wait for Brooklyn to make eye contact or wave back then she is given a token on her token board and a fruit snack. Staff continue this multiple times in a row (trials).
Every time Dana finishes a worksheet he receives 10 minutes of reward time. This is an example of what kind of reinforcement?
Continuous Reinforcement
The key here is "every time" as in every occurrence of the target behavior.
Carter is shown a ball and a lego piece. His staff asks him which one can he kick. Carter points to the ball. What is this an example of?
Discrimination Training
Staff explain verbally to Brayden how to appropriately ask for and take a break. Staff then model what this looks like with Brayden acting as the teacher. Brayden practices appropriately asking for and taking a break. Staff provide praise for what he did well and feedback on what he could improve upon. This procedure is know as..?
Behavioral Skills Training
Jaymeson asks staff what he has to do after he finishes his math worksheet. Staff point to the schedule on his desk. What type of prompt(s) are used here?
Gestural (pointing) & Visual Prompt (schedule)
Jaymeson's staff prompt him to complete a worksheet as a means to earn reward time. Once the worksheet is completed, Jaymeson earns a slappy coin equivalent to 3 minutes of reward time. This is an example of a..?
Token Economy
What is used in DTT between the discriminative stimulus and the child's response?
A prompt
Ex: Brooklyn is shown a baby doll and staff says, "Baby." Brooklyn repeats the word "baby."
Hunter is playing a game with a peer. Staff know that he responds well to praise as this has increased his behaviors in the past. Staff praise him for playing appropriately. This is what kind of reinforcement is praise in this scenario?
Conditioned reinforcement
Incidental teaching uses what to promote motivation and generalization?
The individual's interests and natural motivations
Ryan is prompted to turn the water on, to wash his lunch tray, and put it on the drying rack. Once he does all three steps, he is immediately given a token on his token board. This procedure is known as..
Total Task Chaining
The teacher verbally prompts the class to come sit on the rug for assignment instructions. Staff come to the carpet with the rest of the class. Etta walks over and sits on the carpet with her class. This is an example of..?
Modeling Prompt
Audrianna cleans up her mess without refusal after playing with peers at school, the clinic, and at home when prompted by school staff, clinic staff, and her mom, respectively. Audrianna is demonstrating..?
Generalization
Components of a skill acquisition plan include a description of the skill being taught, materials needed, strategies being used, consequences for correct or incorrect responding, a plan for generalization and maintenance, and what else?
Reinforcement strategies.
Ex: Every time Brooklyn correctly say, "fruit snack" or an approximation of the word, after staff's prompt of a fruit snack she receives a token on her token board and a fruit snack.
Kayden is hungry so she eats the lunch she brought from home. Eating is example of what time of reinforcer?
Unconditioned reinforcer (primary reinforcer)
Dana is prompted by staff to switch over from Minecraft to his class with his teacher. Dana is more likely to be compliant when prompted by certain staff. This demonstrates what ABA concept?
Stimulus Control
Chase is learning to put his shirt on independently. Staff put Chase's arms in the sleeves then prompt "put your shirt on". This is an example of..?
Backwards Chaining
The process of systematically reducing and removing prompts that have been paired with an instruction.
Prompt Fading
Example: Kolten is verbally prompted to clean up his room. Previously, staff had been bringing the garbage can to him after this prompt. Now, staff point to the garbage can to indicate to him to throw his garbage away.
The continued performance of a skill over time once teaching has been ceased.
Maintenance
Example: Xander presents with the maladaptive behavior of running in the hallway. He practices walking feet with staff. For the past several weeks the client successfully walks in the hallway on a consistent basis without prompts.
This signals to an individual that a given response will be reinforced.
Discriminative Stimulus
Ex: Henry wants to leave the playroom (MO). He approaches staff (SD) and askes to leave the playroom. Staff open the door and allow him to leave the room (SR+).
Ratio and Interval schedules are examples of what?
Reinforcement schedules (Fixed & Variable)
RBTs had previously been prompting Emily to get dressed and praising her when fully dressed. RBTs are now having Emily's in home staff prompt this and praising when she is fully dressed. This is known as..
Stimulus Control Transfer
Staff explain verbally to Henry how to appropriately walk in the hallway. Staff then have Henry practice walking in the hallway. Finally, staff tells Henry what he did well and what he could do better next time. What step did staff miss in their approach to behavioral skills training?
Modeling
Brayden is prompted to clean his room before he can go outside. Staff places a garbage can next to his table. This is an example of..?
Positional Prompt
On a regular basis, Hunter asks his staff at the clinic when he would like to leave the area. Lately, he has successfully let his school staff know when he would like to leave his classroom. This is known as..?
Stimulus Generalization