Classification of Skills
Large muscle movements using large muscle groups which are not very precise.
Describe a Gross Skill.
Working on an isolated sub-routine with the aim of perfecting it.
What is part practice?
Practice sessions with rest intervals included.
What is distributed practice?
When a skill learned previously affects a skills yet to be learned.
Describe proactive transfer.
When learning a new skill affects a skill learned previously.
Describe retroactive transfer.
Very easy and uncomplicated. Phases that make the skill are usually discrete and might be practiced separately.
Practising the whole skill, then practising sub-routine in isolation, then practising the whole skill again.
What is whole-part-whole practice?
When a skill is practised in many environments.
What is varied practice?
The transfer of learning from one limb to another.
Describe bilateral transfer.
When the learning and performance of one skill hinder the learning and performance of another skill.
Describe negative transfer.
The sequence of skills for the triple jump
Give a sporting example of a serial skill
Sprinting and dribbling, golf swing
Give an example of whole practice.
Basketball players practice their shooting skills by doing drills which involve many shots from different positions.
The skill of throwing can be transferred to the arm action of a tennis serve.
Give an example of positive transfer.
A squash player who takes up tennis may find it difficult to learn to not use their wrist during shots.
Give an example of negative transfer.
Swimming, running cycling
Give an example of a continuous skill.
Gymnastics floor routine, triple jump, trampoline routine.
Give an example of progressive-part practice.
Discus thrower practices in the discus circle, using the same weight implement.
A footballer who can shoot with the right and left foot with matching power and accuracy is a considerable asset to the team.
Give an example of bilateral transfer.
A hockey player who takes up golf (golf drive) may experience this type of transfer when then performing hockey hit.
Give an example of retroactive transfer.
1) Danger is reduced.
2) It is time-consuming.
Give an advantage and disadvantage of of progressive-part practice.
1) It is effective with cognitive performers because they gradually develop a range of experiences.
2) There is a possibility of information overload.
State an advantage and disadvantage of varied practice.
2) Clear and concise demonstrations.
3) Diverse childhood experiences.
Give three examples of how to optimise positive transfer.
1) Ensure first skill is grooved.
2) Highlight where differences in the skill are.
3) Ensure performer understands all sub-routines of the skill.
Give three examples of methods to limit the effects of negative transfer.