The consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to a task?
What is a skill?
Give one sporting example of a skill.
100
A general ability or capacity of the individual related to performance and performance potential in a variety of skills or tasks. Considered something we are born with.
What is ability?
100
The ability to produce the same performance time and time again with a very similar result
What is consistency?
100
The system by which we take information from the surrounding environment, use it to make a decision and then produce a result.
Input - Decision Making - Output
What is (a simple model of) information processing?
100
Ensure that information overload does not occur and prevents confusion by limiting the amount of information passed to the brain.
What is Selective Attention?
Bonus 200 points: Explain how this process works and what filtering mechanisms operate for it to happen.
200
Cognitive, perceptual, motor and perceptual motor skills.
What are the different types of skill?
Bonus: Give a sporting example of each.
200
A method used to identify a number of abilities that categorises them into perceptual motor abilities and physical proficiency abilities.
What is Fleishman's taxonomy of abilities?
Bonus - Name 2 from each category.
200
Response Time = Reaction Time + Movement Time
What is reaction time?
Double Points: Outline factors that determine response time.
200
90% of all information entering this is lost within 10 seconds unless transferred to the LTM. It also has a size capacity for 7 +- 2 bits of information.
What is short term memory?
Double Points: Explain the transfer of a piece of information from the Sensory Information Store - Short Term Memory - Long Term Memory.
What are different methods of memory improvement?
Double Points: Outline each method.
300
We rely on interpretation of various environmental stimuli and then we decide on a movement plan and hence, this type of skill is the most common in sporting situations.
What is perceptual motor skill?
300
Cognitive/Verbal (early stage), associative/motor (intermediate) and autonomous (final phase).
What are the stages of learning?
Bonus: Give an example of an athlete at each stage.
300
The effect that practice on one task has on the learning or performance of another task.
What is transfer?
Bonus: Outline the types of transfer with a sporting example for each. Skill to skill, Practice to Performance, Abilities to Skill, Bilateral, Stage to stage, Principles to Skills.
300
It includes:
- sense organs
- perception
- short term memory
- long term memory
- decision making
- effector control
- feedback
What is Welford's Model of Information Processing?
For double points - draw the model.
300
A set of movements stored as a whole in the memory, regardless of whether feeedback is used in their execution.
What is a motor programme?
Bonus: Discuss executive programmes/ sub routines/co-ordination of sub routines and relegation of executive programmes to subroutines.
400
Skills that have a clear start and finish.
What is a discrete skill?
Bonus: Identify an open/closed skill, gross/fine skill, externally/internally paced skill in a sporting situation.
400
A relatively permanent change in performance resulting from practice or past experience.
What is learning?
Bonus: What is the difference between learning and performance? Discuss the different types of learning curves.
400
Can be massed or distributed, mental and fixed or variable, If done correctly, it positively impacts performance and enhances athletic performance.
What is practice?
400
The ability to recognise the 'signal'piece of information. Often referred to as the DCR (Detection - Comparison - Recognition) process.
What is the signal detection process?
Bonus 300 points: What are 3 factors that affect the signal detection process?
400
A motor programme that allows for feedback during the movement.
What is a closed loop motor programme.
Bonus: Discuss Adam's perceptual trace and memory trace theories and how this could apply to a sporting movement.
500
Skill = ability + selection of an appropriate technique
What is the relationship between ability, skill and technique?
500
Physical Maturation
Physical Fitness
Individual Differences of Coaches
Age
Difficulty of Task
Teaching Environment
Motivation
What are the factors that contribute to the different rates of learning?
Bonus: Identify a sporting example where each factor could affect the rate of learning.
500
The style of teaching when the teacher/coach is very much in charge of the training session and there is no ambiguity between the teacher and learner.
What is the command style approach to teaching?
Bonus: Outline the other teaching styles.
500
When two stimuli are presented closely together, reaction time to the first stimulus is as expected. When a second stimulus is introduced very soon afterwards, the reaction time is longer. This is due to the single channel theory in the brain (that we can only process one piece of info at a time).
What is the psychological refractory period?
200 Bonus Points: Give a sporting example of how this can be used in sporting situations.
500
A term we use to describe information resulting from an action or response. Can be intrinsic or extrinsic.
What is feedback?
Bonus: Discuss the 2 major forms (KP and KR), +vs vs -ve, concurrent/terminal