Cells
And
Cell Theory
And
Cell Theory
Classification
Meiosis and Mitosis
Biotechnology
Human Impact
100
A rock is nonliving and a dog is living. What evidence from the cell theory supports this statement?
Living things are made up of cells
100
Which organism’s DNA will differ most from the turtle?
Lancelet
100
State the phase of mitosis and describe what is happening in the phase.
Anaphase - chromosomes have separated and are moving to the poles
100
What fields has biotechnology impacted?
food, fuel, medicine, sustainability
100
Salt water is an abundant resource but unusable for irrigation and drinking. As demands on freshwater sources increase, the use of desalination processes to remove salt from ocean water is increasing. A concern of desalinating water is the large amounts of recovered salts that are returned to the ocean. What is the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?
B. Alteration in ocean salt levels would cause loss of species and unbalanced populations in marine food webs.
200
Compare and contrast cell walls and cell membranes.
Both support and protect the cell. Cell wall shapes the cell. Cell membrane regulates materials enter and leaving the cell.
200
According to the phylogenetic tree, which two organisms are least related to each other evolutionarily? Why?
Trilobita and Insecta, according to the diagram they will have the least traits in common
200
Describe how cells maintain chromosome number during asexual reproduction.
Chromosomes double during interphase. Then, in the metaphase portion of mitosis, chromosomes line up in the middle, insuring that when they split during anaphase, there are equal numbers on each side, meaning each new cell will maintain the appropriate number of chromosomes.
200
Describe the relationship between vaccination and immunity.
immunity is achieved via vaccination
200
What does the presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests?
ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.
300
The table shows the structures of two cells.
What conclusion can be made about each cell?
Cell one is a plant cell because of cell wall, central vacuole and chloroplasts and cell two is animal cell
300
What primary characteristics differentiate animals from the other kingdoms?
complex organ systems and reproduce sexually
300
C
300
In October of 1990, the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science and the US National Institute of Health began the process of mapping the human genome. This process was referred to as The Human Genome Project and was intended to identify the 20,000 – 25,000 genes of the human genome. A working draft of the genome was announced in 2000 and a complete one in 2003. What is the main benefit of completing The Human Genome Project?
identifying genetically-based diseases
300
There is a large number of non-native pythons in the Everglades National Park. Initiatives are in place to remove these pythons. What is one reason scientists would be so concerned with the presence of this species in this particular habitat?
Being non-native species would mean that they have no natural predators. The pythons could prey on the native species and cause major population decline. This could, in turn, adversely affect the Everglades as a whole.
400
Spontaneous generation states that life comes from nonlife. How is spontaneous generation contradicted by the cell theory?
Cells come from other cells
400
What argument caused the separation of Archaea and Bacteria into their own domains instead of leaving them together in the single kingdom, Monera?
They make their membranes differently and copy their DNA differently.
400
What process is taking place? How is this process different in plant and animal cells?
Cytokinesis. In animal cells, the cell membrane is drawn inward until the cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts. In plant cells, a cell plate forms halfway between the nuclei then the cell plate gradually develops into cell membranes that separate the two daughter cells. Lastly, a cell wall forms in between the two new membranes which completes the process.
400
Identify two effects of gene therapy, the replacement of a faulty gene with a normal one?
There are many possible answers, including:
*correction of birth defects before a child is born
*overpopulation due to elimination of natural occurring processes
*better understanding of the genetic code
*decrease in the need of big pharma due to elimination of naturally occurring diseases
*increased housing issues
*possible increase in habitat destruction
400
The northern elephant seal was almost hunted to extinction in the 1800s. By the late 1890s, approximately one hundred seals were left, reducing the gene pool of the population. What will be the consequence of this reduction?
The elephant seals will be more vulnerable to environmental change.
500
Ezekiel states plants don’t need mitochondria because their chloroplasts obtain energy from photosynthesis. Why is Ezekiel's thinking flawed?
Plants need mitochondria to convert chemical energy stored in food into a form that can be easily used by the cell.
500
What are two important similarities between the Kingdoms Plantae and Fungi?
eukaryotic, have cell walls, similar structure, grow, reproduce, undergo cellular respiration
500
Explain the relationship between the cell cycle, mutations and cancer.
Cancer is caused by a defect in the genes that regulate cell growth and division. Cancer cells don’t respond to the signals that regulate the growth of most cells. As a result, the cell cycle is disrupted, and cells grows and divide uncontrollably.
500
Rice, the most popular food crop in the world, can be successfully grown only in certain places. If trends in climate change continue, the areas in which rice currently grows will be significantly reduced. How can biotechnology keep the harvest of rice from decreasing?
Genetically engineering rice crops that are tolerant to change in the environment.
500
Due to human encroachment, the range of the Florida panther has been reduced to a very small area in South Florida. Predict the long-term effect of this isolation on the conditions required for genetic variation.
It would reduce the panthers’ capacity for inherited variation and would leave them vulnerable to disease and genetic abnormalities.