Immunology Fundamentals
This transcription factor is critical for Th1 cell differentiation.
What is T-bet
This autoimmune condition is characterized by the loss of melanocytes, leading to depigmented patches of skin.
What is vitiligo?
This cytokine, targeted by biologics like adalimumab and infliximab, plays a central role in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
What is TNF-α?
This outermost layer of the skin acts as a barrier and is composed primarily of keratinocytes.
What is the epidermis?
This cell surface receptor binds to CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells to provide co-stimulatory signals to T cells.
What is CD28?
This chronic inflammatory skin disease is characterized by erythematous plaques with silvery scales and is associated with Th17 cells.
What is psoriasis?
This type of immune therapy involves engineering a patient’s T cells to express receptors that target cancer cells.
What is CAR-T cell therapy?
These immune cells, found in the epidermis, act as antigen-presenting cells and play a key role in skin immune surveillance.
What are Langerhans cells?
This cytokine is primarily responsible for inducing the antiviral state in neighboring cells.
What is IFN alpha or IFN beta
This disorder, among other things associated with a defective immune response to Staphylococcus aureus, results in chronic eczematous skin lesions.
What is atopic dermatitis?
This biologic, targeting IL-17A, is used in the treatment of plaque psoriasis by inhibiting a key cytokine involved in the disease's pathogenesis.
What is secukinumab?
This protein is crucial for skin barrier function and is often mutated in patients with atopic dermatitis.
What is filaggrin?
This molecule, expressed on the surface of T cells, competes with CD28 to bind CD80/CD86 and provides inhibitory signals.
What is CTLA-4?
This is the most common form of skin cancer, often caused by UV radiation, and arises from basal cells.
What is basal cell carcinoma?
This pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor is used in treating conditions such as atopic dermatitis and chronic hand eczema by modulating cytokine signaling.
What is delgoticinib?
This skin layer contains blood vessels, nerves, and immune cells and plays an essential role in wound healing and immune responses.
What is the dermis?
These enzymes are critical for V(D)J recombination in developing B and T cells.
This condition is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by hardening and tightening of the skin due to excess collagen production.
What is scleroderma?
This receptor-subunit, which is blocked by the monoclonal antibody dupilumab, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and asthma.
What is IL-4Receptor alpha?
This antimicrobial peptide (abbreviated hCAP18) produced by keratinocytes and immune cells in the skin, is part of the innate immune defense against pathogens.
What is cathelicidin?