Name 2 of the articulators we use for speech.
Lips, mandible, palate, tongue, teeth
Left hemisphere
(Left = Language)
What is it called when the lungs get bigger and air rushes in
Inhalation; there is a contraction of inhalation muscles to cause this
______ frequency sounds have shorter wavelengths
______ frequency sounds have longer wavelengths
Higher
Lower
T or F: The facial muscle controls the movement of our ears and sensation of our hard palate.
False; movement of facial muscles and sensation from the tongue/velum
This articulator changes the overall speech sound by its position and is responsible for most of our consonant sounds.
Tongue
Central localization means...
certain regions of the brain are necessary for a particular skill or function
For our voice, we operate with something called the Source-Filter Theory. What is our source? What is the filter?
Source = larynx (vocal folds)
Filter = oral and nasal cavities
Can think of a guitar, the strums are the source and the filter is the drum of the guitar
T of F: Frequency is related to loudness; intensity is related to pitch
False; frequency = pitch, intensity = loudness
Vagus (X)
This is a place of articulation that sits just behind the upper row of teeth. It is used for the tongue to rest during some consonant sounds
Alveolar ridge
This area of the brain (when damaged) effects expressive speech. It was named after a man who couldn't express himself but was cognitively intact and could understand language.
Broca's Area
This is the most vital function of the pharynx
Passage of air and food through system
There are 3 ways that consonants are characterized, what are they?
Place: where the sound is produced (e.g. lips, velum, lips+teeth)
Manner: how the sound is produced (e.g. stops, fricative, affricate)
Voicing: if the vocal folds are being used
This cranial nerve controls the movement of the tongue and supralaryngeal muscles
Hypoglossal (XII)
This term means there is too much air going through the nasal cavity during speech; the velum is down
Hypernasality
The Central Nervous System includes the brain and spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System includes...
spinal (peripheral sensory nerves) and cranial nerves (motor nerves)
The function of abductor muscles in the larynx
pulls the vocal folds away from midline
(adductor = add or bring together; abductor - bring away)
Why do SLP's need to use something like IPA when working with clients who have disordered speech?
Short answer: English is the worst
-Letters can correlate to more than one sound (the "c" in cat vs city)
-2-3 letters can make one sound ("th", "sh", "ng", "tch")
-The same sound can be written in different ways ("f" and "ph")
-Silent letters (knee, mnemonic, weight)
What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Movement of pharynx and sensation from the back part of the tongue and pharynx
Name the function of each lobe of the brain.
Frontal - sends neural commands and controls cognitive functions like attention, impulse control, and judgement
Parietal - cognitive functions (primary sensory cortex)
Temporal - primary auditory cortex; important for language comprehension and memory
Occipital - send/receive visual information
________ is produced by subglottal air pressure and that pressure can be raised by increasing muscular force that holds the vocal folds together or increasing air pressure from the lungs.
Intensity or loudness
What sound(s) are shown:
/ŋ/, /e/, /ʒ/
ŋ: "ng" like the end of "ring"
e: "a" like in "cake"
ʒ: "z" like in "measure"
There are 6 cranial nerves that were highlighted in this lesson (and some in this game), what are they?
Trigeminal (V), facial (VII), auditory (VIII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), hypoglossal (XII)