History
The English language arrived in Britain on the point of a sword means?
War was a hotspot for spreading language
Singing, Talking, Vocalizing, Crying, Writing, Facial Expression/Body Posture, Proximity, Movement, Tone of Voice, Inflection, Gesture/Pantomime, Drawing, Pointing, Texting
T of F: The velum is located behind the upper teeth and used for producing /t/
False; alveolar ridge is behind the upper teeth
2 structures of the articulatory system?
Tongue, teeth, jaw, alveolar ridge, velum
T or F: Newborns don't have the ability to search for the source of human voice but can turn to sound if they hear it
False; they can search for human voices
How did introduction of reading and writing standardize English?
It could then be taught in schools and spread from there
Name the 3 developmental stages of early communication
1. behaviors are undifferentiated and intentions are unknown
2. uses gestures and vocalizations that are short w/ lower frequency
3. words convey intentions previously expressed in gestures
E.g. for "pick me up": 1. crying randomly 2. arms up 3. "up"
T or F: The peripheral nervous system includes the spinal and cranial nerves
True
T or F: All vowels are voiced
True
Which cranial nerve controls the movement of pharynx, sensation of the back of the tongue, and pharynx
Glossopharyngeal
When you hear "Queen's English", what is it referring to?
How were people looked at that didn't speak the Queen's English?
Spoken in Victorian England; symbol of "education" to the social classes as teachers were teaching pronunciation of this English in class
People were referred to as "lesser breeds" if they didn't speak this.
Why does texting often get misinterpreted?
Extralinguistic information is missing (emotion, intonation, stress, rate of delivery, gestures, body postures, facial expression, eye contact, physical distance, etc.)
What does central localization mean?
certain regions of the brain are necessary for a particular skill or function
SURPRISE: WORTH DOUBLE POINTS!
How does the tongue influence overall speech sounds?
It changes shape and overall speech sounds by its position. Is responsible for most of our consonant sounds
This is the sacred language of Hinduism and is the oldest recorded language (5k years BC)
Sanskrit
SURPRISE: WORTH DOUBLE POINTS
Latin’s view of speech disorders changed over time by:
a. Believing speech disabilities were God-Given and unable to be managed by physicians to identifying anatomical phenomenon that could be treated.
b. People with speech disorders were faking it to get out of chores.
c. Initially seeing them as a result of the Nile virus to finding antibiotics to treat them.
d. A result of eating bad food to understanding the anatomy.
a. Believing speech disabilities were God-Given and unable to be managed by physicians to identifying anatomical phenomenon that could be treated.
What is an example of linguistic and extralinguistic information?
Linguistic: speaking/listening, reading/writing, signing
Extralinguistic: paralinguistic info (attitude, emotion, intonation, stress, rate of delivery, pause, hesitation), nonlinguistic info (gestures, body postures, facial expression, eye contact, head and body movement, physical distance), metalinguistic info
Why do speech therapists need IPA when transcribing someone's speech during an evaluation?
Letters can correlate to more than one sound (the "c" in cat vs city)
2-3 letters can make one sound ("th", "sh", "ng", "tch")
The same sound can be written in different ways ("f" and "ph")
Silent letters (knee, mnemonic, weight)
How will someone's speech sound if there velum is stuck in an "up" position
Hyponasal
What was arguably the most important invention for the spread of English
The printing press
When in where did James I conduct a special conference to discuss and reconcile religious differences with Bishops and Puritans?
1812 in Pittsburgh
1979 with Margret Thatcher and Queen Elizabeth II
1604 in Hampton Court
1604 @ Hampton Court
T or F: Infant language is reflexive, and that means that their messages are intentional and serve emotional needs.
False; infant language is reflexive, however it is non-intentional and simply serves to fill a basic need
Primary function of each lobe of the brain.
Frontal lobe - sends neural commands and controls cognitive functions like attention, impulse control, and judgement
Temporal lobe - primary auditory cortex; important for language comprehension and memory
Parietal lobe - cognitive functions (primary sensory cortex)
Occipital - send/receive visual information
Give the place, manner, and voicing for one of the below phonemes:
/v/
/tʃ/
/w/
/p/
/v/ - voiced, labiodental, fricative
/tʃ/ - voiceless, palatal, affricate
/w/ - voiced, bilabial, glide
/p/ - voiceless, bilabial, stop
What is a protoword?
primitive, early forms of actual word/precursor to true words