GAS
What is the role of cortisol?
Cortisol is the main stress hormone that is secreted into the blood stream in order to energies the body by increasing energy supplied.
The human body cannot maintain the intensity of fight and flight reactions for prolonged period of time.
1.Provide examples of coping with stress, Physically.
Deep breathing
Relaxation
Physical exercise
Yoga
REM (Rapid eye movement)
•To restore the brain.
•Consolidate memories
•Strengthen synapses
NREM (Non rapid eye movement)
•To restore the body
•Repair damaged cells
1. In relation to measuring sleep, what is EEG, EMG and EOG?
Electroencephalograph (EEG), electromyograph (EMG), electro-oculograph (EOG)
EEG= Detects, amplifies and records electric activity of the brain
EMG=Detects, amplifies and records electric activity of the larger muscles
EOG= Detects, amplifies and records electric activity of muscles around the eyes.
1.Being reprimanded by a parent is what source of stress?
1. Daily Pressures (Hassles)
1. What are the 3 Stages of GAS?
2. What occurs in each of these stages? (1 example)
Alarm Reaction – perceives stressor, defence mechanism activated (fight or flight).
•Shock phase •Countershock- Cortisol is released.
Resistance – body attempts to adapt, sickness occurs.
Exhaustion – adaptive mechanism are exhausted, illness developed.
1. Provide examples of Cognitively coping with stress.
Therapy
Hobbies
Meditation
Reading
Time management
What is Melatonin?
•Main sleep hormone- a chemical produced by the brain that makes us sleep.
•It is released when your eyes registers its dark, making us sleepy.
1. Penny is driving home from work, what brain waves is she likely to be experiencing?
2. What type of Frequency?
3. What type of Amplitude?
1. Beta Wave as they occur when we are awake and alert and In REM sleep (dreaming)
2. High frequency
3.Low amplitude waves
1. What is the difference between Dyssomnia and Parasomnia?
1. Dyssomnia causes problems in falling or staying asleep whereas Parasomnia disturbs sleep by an abnormal event.
1. What is a strength of GAS model of Stress?
2. What is a limitation of GAS model of Stress?
1. It explains the biological factors that occur when an individual is under stress.
2. It does not incorporate the physiological elements of the stress, including; cultural, social or environmental factors in looking at how individuals perceive a stressful event.
1. Identify one strength and one limitations of Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping.
1. Strengths:
- Explains psychological stress of an individual
- No right or wrong
- Incorporates ’coping’
Limitations:
- doesn't’t explain fight or flight
- Hard to evaluate/measure, it cannot be tested
- Psychological only, doesn't’t factor biological
- When presented with immediate stress (lion in room) primary evaluation will be skipped and it will go straight to stressful
1. What is Evolutionary Theory and what is Restorative Theory of sleep?
Restorative:
1.Recover physically and mentally
2.Repair cells
3.Replenish energy stores
4.Memory consolidation
Evolutionarily theory (survival)
1.Night time danger (threats)
1. What is the difference between Beta and Delta brain waves?
2. What do Beta Brain waves indicate?
3. What do Delta Waves indicate?
1. Beta Waves have high frequency and low amplitude, whereas Delta waves have low frequency and high amplitude.
2. The individual is in normal waking consciousness. (Awake and alert)
3. The individual is in an altered state of consciousness. (Asleep)
1. What is the HPA Axis?
1. Demonstrates the release of Cortisol in the body.
Hypothalamus (Stimulates) Pituitary gland (Releases ACTH via blood) Adrenal glands (excretes) Cortisol.
What type of stress is Fight- Flight and Freeze?
Fight- Flight and Freeze is an acute stress where Adrenaline in released in the blood stream to fight of the threat/stressor for a short period of time.
1. What is Primary Appraisal?
2. What are the 3 outcomes of Primary Appraisal?
3. What is Secondary Appraisal?
1. When we evaluate, the significance of the event. E.G. ‘Is this something I have to deal with?’, ‘Am I in trouble?’
2. The outcome of a primary appraisal is a decision about whether the event is irrelevant, benign–positive or stressful.
3. Secondary appraisal, we evaluate our coping options and resources and our options for dealing with the event.
Sleep across the lifespan.
1. How many hours of sleep a night do Infant require?
2. How many hours of sleep a night do Adolescents require?
1. 13-14 hours.
2. 9- 10 Hours
1. What Brain waves occur during NREM S4?
2. What is a physiological change of NREM (stage 4)
1. Delta Waves
2. Heart rate, bloody pressure and body temperature are at their lowers and most regular.
1. Where does Fight and Flight link to the Nervous system?
1. Fight & Flight are both Sympathetic as they involve the arousal of the body as a result of the stressor.