Basics
This stage of sleep is when most vivid dreaming happens and the eyes move rapidly.
REM sleep
REM sleep is responsible for which type of restoration?
Psychological restoration
According to the activation–synthesis theory, are dreams meaningful?
No
Who proposed the psychodynamic theory?
Sigmund Freud
How long can someone go without sleep?
11 days (264 hours)
Which hormone released by the brain helps control sleep and is produced more at night?
Melatonin
NREM sleep is responsible for which type of restoration?
Physiological restoration
Where do random neural signals of dreams originate in the brain?
Pons (brain stem)
A student dreams about being lost in a maze before an important exam. The maze may symbolize deeper worries about failure. What is the hidden psychological meaning behind the dream called?
Why do Japanese companies allow workers to sleep on the job?
They accept it as a sign of exhaustion from overwork
EEG, EMG, EOG, and dream reporting
Which brain structure is processing emotional experiences during our REM sleep?
Amygdala
What is the relay station for the random neural signals?
Thalamus
What are the mechanisms of dreamwork?
Condensation, displacement, and secondary elaboration
Is insomnia a normal part of grieving?
Yes! Taking sleeping pills can disrupt this natural process
A sleep researcher notices that during the night, a person cycles through different sleep stages about every 90 minutes. What is the name of this repeating biological rhythm?
Ultradian rhythm
Can restoration happen when we are not sleeping? Explain
Yes! For example, waking rest
Where do the random neural signals end up to be interpreted?
Cerebral cortex
What are two ways that therapists can look into patients' unconscious mind?
Free association and symbol analysis
Name four factors that can contribute to insomnia
Stress, physical or mental illness, living or sleeping arrangements, family history, shift work, diet and exercise habits
Name five differences between REM sleep and NREM sleep
Brain activity, eye movement, dreams, muscle activity, duration, and function
How does the NREM vs. REM sleep ratio of babies differ than that of adults?
Babies = 1:1
Adults = 3:1
Name a counterargument for the activation-synthesis theory
Dreams are meaningful
Why do we need mechanisms of dreamwork?
The mind must transform unconscious wishes (latent) into acceptable storylines (manifest) so they do not disturb sleep.
What is the condition called when you have difficulty getting out of bed in the morning?
Dysania