Brain Waves
What is synchrony?
How well brain waves align with one another
What waves are associated with awake states?
Beta (15-30Hz): alert
Alpha (9-14Hz): relaxed
Why is REM sleep considered "paradoxical"?
It has both deep-sleep like states and high activity, awake-like states.
What is the frequency of a wave? What is the amplitude?
Frequency: How often a wave oscillates up and down or in cycles (how fast; Hertz)
Amplitude: The height of a wave from the center to the peak/trough
What is a sleep spindle?
Burst of activity within brain waves that only occurs during stage 2 sleep.
What is atonia?
Deep muscle relaxation
What is the major disadvantage of an EEG?
It only gets cortical recordings; the surface of the neurons.
What is the trend for frequency, amplitude, and synchrony as an individual goes into deeper stages of sleep?
Frequency: decreases
Amplitude: increases
Synchrony: increases
List the states for the body and mind associated with NREM sleep.
1.) High amplitude and low frequency
2.) Increased parasympathetic response
3.) Decreased sympathetic response
4.) Decreased neural activity
5.) Decreased metabolic rate
6.) Decreased body temperature
How does an EEG work? What is it?
It's a set of electrodes that covers the scalp. It records electrical currents from the action potential of neurons directly underneath the electrode in millivolts.
Give an example of a complete sleep cycle.
Choose one from the following:
1.) 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM
2.) REM-2-3-4-3-2-REM
3.) REM-2-3-2-REM
4.) REM-2-REM
List the deep-sleep-like REM states for the body and mind.
1.) Deregulated body temperature
2.) Inhibition of reflexes
3.) Atonia
4.) Paralysis
What are the advantages of using an EEG?
1.) It's non-invasive 2.) Easy to use 3.) Measures brain activity in real time 4.) Records brain activity directly
For sleep stages 1-4 and REM, list the brain waves associated with each?
Stage 1: Theta waves (4-8Hz)
Stage 2: Theta, sleep spindles, delta
Stage 3: Delta, Theta
Stage 4: Delta (1-3Hz)
REM: Predominantly beta waves
List the high activity states for body and mind for REM sleep.
1.) Low amp and high frequency waves
2.) Inhibited parasympathetic response
3.) Activated sympathetic response
4.) High neural activity
5.) High metabolic rate