cry babies
Factors such as sleeping in the prone position or too much heat
exogenous stressors
Compared to adults, EEG amplitudes in children are
higher
A component of sleep architecture that aids in memory consolidation and reduces cortical arousal in response to outside stimuli
K complexes
An organic compound that reduces the rate of neuronal activity and helps promote sleep.
adenosine
As we age sleep becomes
more fragmented and less restorative over time.
The standard recommendation to prevent a child from developing poor sleep associations and frequent night time awakenings
do not stay in a child's room until they are fully asleep.
under 6 months of age
The critical period for SIDS
Another word for developmental changes (such as changes in EEG as we age)
ontongenic
The amount of sleep adolescents need compared to younger children.
the same
One reason adults wake more frequently than teens/children
a lower arousal threshold
Most sleep disorders ____ in prevalence as we age.
increase
This disorder should be ruled out when evaluating other childhood sleep disorders because it can mimic parasomnias.
nocturnal seizures
A stage in which there appear fast and regular heart rate, and eye movements
3F - Quiet Awake
a periodic EEG pattern of arousal instability
Cyclical Alternating Pattern (CAP)
For which group does total sleep time not change but bed times and wake times shift 45 minutes to two hours later.
college students
A statistical measurement of standardized mean differences
Cohen's d
a disorder that is characterized by reduction or cessation of breathing while asleep for 10-30 seconds or longer
obstructive sleep apnea
28% of children report that this factor intereferes with their sleep
homework
comparing sleep in per-term infants to their counterparts in the womb
they share the same progression
abnormalities in sleep spindle development show up in
children with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders
A review revealed that this group performs worse academically
students who preferred to stay up later
A compound that reduces delta wave activity, reduces sleep efficiency and total sleep time.
caffeine
The Sleep Heart Health Study found half the adults showed an increase in REM over the same time period despite
a 9% decrease in Slow Wave Sleep on average
This parasomnia technically qualifies as sleep disorder
somnambulism (aka sleep walking)
a semi discontinuous EEG pattern with quiet periods of voltage >25µV that alternate with bursts of 100 to 200 µV during <70% of each epoch
tracé alternant
a problem that can appear because children sleep very deeply and have trouble transitioning from one stage to another
parasomnias
the reason adolescents sleep later than children
a phase delay after puberty in process C (circadian rhythm), which regulates the timing of sleepiness and wakefulness.
when studying subjective (self-reported) sleep quality people may not know or perceive how much they have slept
a disadvantage of self-report
the accumulation of this protein further interrupts other neurological processes causing cognitive decline, memory impairment, and poor decision making.
(alpha)-synuclein
This disorder is marked by periodic, relapsing-remitting hypersomnolence that is often accompanied by cognitive and psychiatric disturbances.
Kleine-Levin Syndrome