Language Disorders
What makes speech and language different?
Speech is the physical act of producing words to communicate. Language is the words we choose, the order we put them in, etc. Speech is MOTOR, but language is COGNITIVE.
Literacy refers to the processes of ____ and ____.
Reading and writing
Unlike developmental language disorder and dyslexia, which are developmental disorders, aphasia is an _____ language disorder.
acquired
What is the difference between open and closed TBI?
Open: skull/brain penetrated
Closed: skull/brain not penetrated
Who can use an AAC device?
Anyone with complex communication needs who cannot adequately express their needs through their current communication method (speech, sign)
____ is how words are linked together into phrases and sentences.
Syntax
What 3 skills are gained during the emergent literacy phase?
1. Phonological awareness
2. Print awareness
3. Alphabet awareness
True or false: Aphasia can cause dementia.
False, but dementia can cause aphasia!
True or false: All TBIs are associated with comas.
False
True or false: Only children qualify for AAC devices.
False!
Receptive
What is the alphabetic principle?
The concept that speech and print correspond to each other in a predictable fashion
What is the difference between fluent and non-fluent aphasias?
People with fluent aphasias can speak easily and effortlessly (although their words might not make much sense). People with non-fluent aphasias struggle to produce words.
Name the mechanism of TBI: a blood vessel in the brain is blocked, which keeps oxygen from reaching certain areas of the brain
Ischemic stroke
If I told you my patient's AAC device was on an iPad, would the iPad be the the SYMBOL, AID, OR TECHNIQUE?
Aid
When we have "later talkers", this is not a language disorder but a language ______.
delay
People with dyslexia can have challenges in 3 main areas. What are these 3 areas?
Word reading accuracy, reading comprehension, reading fluency
Why is dementia so difficult to diagnose?
Lots of early symptoms (like anomia) can fly under the radar because they're also a part of the normal aging process; and/or dementia can only be confirmed after autopsy
TBIs can cause attentional deficits. How might attentional deficits impact language?
Your client has very little motor control in their hands. What type of AAC technique might you suggest for them?
Eye gaze
DLD is a ____ language disorder. A language disorder that is caused by a diagnosis like intellectual disability or ASD is a ____ language disorder.
primary; secondary
____ is a skill that lets us sound out words we have never heard before by using the alphabetic principle.
Decoding
Maria has a lesion in the Wernicke's area of her temporal lobe. What area of language does she likely struggle with most?
Comprehension
This type of damage can occur when the brain rotates inside the skull - nerves get torn
Diffuse axonal injury
Name 2 characteristics of a good communication partner for a person with an AAC device.
– Patient
– Interested and comfortable with all methods of communication
– Tries to understand impaired speech
– Makes an effort to interpret sign/gestures
– Repeats and confirms messages