Vowels
what are the 4 vowel boundaries?
/i,u,ae,a/
What are the differences between the following sounds:ə,ɚ,ʌ,ɝ.
ə,ʌ,- "uh" sound
ɚ,ɝ- "er" sound
ə,ɚ- unstressed
ʌ,ɝ- stressed
What sound represents a syllable?
beats
Give an example for the rule that says:
stops are unreleased before another stop
/tapt/ - tapped
Give an example for the following rule: Alveolar consonants are dentalized when immediately preceding a dental consonant
tenth-
[tɛn̪θ]
the word 'rambunctious' contains how many vowels? transcribe it to show your understanding.
ræmˈbʌŋkʃəs
æ, ʌ, ə
Which of the following words contain the following sound "ə". Transcribe the correct word.
A. cut
B. bleacher
c. around
d. Kurt
c. around
/əraʊnd/
Come up with a one syllable word, and a two syllable word of your choosing.
lets check your answer!
Give an example for the rule that states: voiceless stops are often accompanied by a glottal stop at the end of a word
[tɪʔp]
Give an example for the rule that states: A homorganic voiceless stop may occur after a nasal before a voiceless fricative.
tense and tents - [tɛnts]
Describe all the characteristics of the /ʊ/ sound.
high, back, lax, rounded vowel
Give an example for each stressed vowel and unstressed vowel. Transcribe all examples to show your understanding.
ə,- around
ɚ- teacher
ʌ- enough
ɝ- absurd
What must a syllable contain? A rhyme is made up of what?
Onset & rhyme
rhyme contains a nucleus and coda.
give an example for the rule that states: alveolar stops are reduced or omitted when between two consonants
Costco
[kɑskoʊ]
Give an example for the rule that states: velar stops are more front before front vowels.
example: goose vs. geese. /u/ is a back vowel, /i/ front vowel. therefore /g/ is more front before a front vowel and more back before a back vowel.
Describe the difference between tense and lax vowels - which one ends in an open or closed syllable? Categorize each vowel into it's category of tense or lax.
Tense- ends in open and closed- dipthonds,
i,e,u,o,ɔ,ɑ,ɝ
lax- only ends in closed syllables- ɪ,ɛ,æ,ə,ʌ,ɚ
Determine where the stress is in the word "hamburger" and then which vowel symbol ( ɝ,ɚ ) you would use to transcribe it.
'hamburger- primary stress in the first syllable
"ɚ"- because the second and third syllables are unstressed.
How many syllables does the word "ambigous" have?
4- æmˈ-bɪg- ju-əs
Given an example for each of the following rules:
1. /l,r/ are syllabic at the end of a word when they follow immediately after a consonant.
2. Nasals are syllabic at the end of a word following an obstruent.
3. /t/ is often replaced by a glottal stop before /n/ in the same word.
1. kennel, razor
2. sudden
3. beaten
Give an example for the following rule:/l/ is velarized after a vowel or before a consonant at the end of a word.
feel- ends in /l/ consonant therefore its made further back in the mouth since it comes at the end of a word or before a consonant.
What is true about the sound /a/ in the word "caught"
A. it ends in an open syllable because it ends in a vowel
B. It ends in an closed syllable because it ends in a consonant
C. It's tense because it can be in a closed or open syllable
D. It's lax because it can only be in a closed syllable.
C. It's tense because it can be in a closed or open syllable
Determine where the stress is in the word "rambunctious". Which vowel and diacritic would you use to show the stress?
ræmˈbʌŋkʃəs
- you would use the /ʌ/ symbol to show that this sound is stressed. The sound is stressed because it is located in a stressed syllable. You would use the diacritic /ˈ/ before the stressed syllable to indicate that it is stressed.
Break up the word "scat" into its syllable parts- label the onset, rhyme and coda if it has one. Would this be an open or closed syllable?
SCAT- /skæt/
onset- sk
rhyme- at
nucleus- /ae/
coda- /t/
- closed syllable because it ends in a consonant sound
Give an example for the following rules: - /t,d/ become voiced taps when they are between two vowels, but not if the second vowel is stressed.
/nt/ becomes a nasal tap when they are between two vowels, but not if the second vowel is stressed.
1. butter, lady 2. winter
Give an example for the following rule:
voiceless obstruents are longer than the corresponding voiced obstruents at the end of a syllable.
How does this differ from vowel length?
bus vs. buzz. --> the consonant /s/ is longer than the consonant /z/ because it is voiceless.
vowels are longer when they end in a voiced consonant.