Module 5A
List all of the Jaw muscles (elevators and depressors)
Elevators - Masseter, Temporalis, and Medial Pterygoid
Depressors - Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Lateral external ptergoid
Males tend to have ----- speaking rates and they also have ----- vocal tracts to generate ------ muscular force.
Males tend to have faster speaking rates, and they also have larger vocal tracts to generate more muscular force
List all soft palate elevators, tensors, and depressors. What muscle would be able to shorten the velum, and which muscle can narrow the velum?
Elevators: Lavator veli palatini (primary) and Musculus uvulae (bunches up the velum)
Depressors: Palatoglossus, and palatopharyngeus (narrows velum)
Tensors: Tensor veli palatini
This instrumentation can help us determine adequecy of the vp closure and pattern of movement
Nasendoscopy
Direct or indirect?
For coronal speech, closure generally occurs in an
anterior to posterior direction
Where are the teeth embedded, and how many more teeth do adults typically have compared to children?
Teeth are embedded in the Alveoli in the upper and lower jaws
Adults typically have 12 more
Adults: 32
Children: 20
This instrumentation can only look at jaw and lip movement
Optical motion capture
What muscle can open the Eustachian tubes?
Tensor veli palatini
Describe the action of the VP port for infants
VP port open during crying and during non-cry vocalizations.
What does velopharyngeal-Nasal Airway Resistance cause
Opposes movement and causes energy loss
What are the structures that bound the oral cavity?
And where are they located (front, floor, back, side)
Bounded by: Roof—Hard Palate, Front—Lips, Side—Cheeks, Floor—Tongue, Back--Pharynx
What does low STI and high STI mean/ look like.
Low STI reflects low variability across multiple repetitions of a target speech utterance.
High STI reflects high variability across multiple repetitions of a target speech utterance. The graph will show lines that don't indicate a stable pattern.
When do we close and open our velum? Describe the movement and give examples.
Up: closed, causing a barrier for food and certain phonemes
Down: open, for sound production (nasals) and respiration
Normal speakers can be categorized in these four groups:
coronal, sagittal, circular, and circular with passavant's ridge
Define coarticulation
effect of preparing of one sound, causing previous sound to be altered.
Describe the mandible's function and how it exactly moves.
Function: chewing and articulation
Movement: Vertical (up and down), Anterior-posterior (front and back), lateral (from side to side)
List all teeth malocclusions and describe each one.
Talk about why we need to know about this
Malocclusion: problems with alignment
Class ll Distoclusion: Mandible pulled back, forming an overbite
Class lll Mesioclusion: Mandible comes too far forward
Craniofacial issues can affect many aspects such as speech production
Speech is more nasal for ---- and the velum of ---- are more hook-like making and the velum for ---- are more squared off.
older adults, males, females
In order for velopharyngeal sphincter compression to keep velopharynx closed there must be
greater than air pressure difference on either side or run risk of being "sucked" or "blown" open
What information does Nasalance give us
provides graphic representation of acoustic energy and hyper looks at nasality and nasal air emission
Name all intrinsic tongue muscles and describe the function of each.
Intrinsic muscles help with quick movements, fine adjustments, and they are inside the tongue
1. Vertical: pulls tongue down
2. Transverse: Narrows tongue
3. Inferior Longitudinal: Pulls tip down and retracts the tongue back
4. Superior Longitudinal: Elevates tip of tongue
define VP insufficiency and VP incompetence and give examples of each
VP insufficiency: structural (anatomical) reason
EX. Clefting
VP incompetence: functional reason example- unable to move/contract muscles
EX. Dysarthria
Describe what the velopharynx is suspended by what bones
Palatine bones - Posterior of the nasal cavity floor
Sphenoid bone - Posterior/ behind wall of nasal cavity
Occipital bone
Temporal bone
Describe child and adult coupling patterns
Nasopharyngeal tonsils support children with vp closure. May shrink or disappear completely with age.
Velopharyngeal Sphincter Compression is higher for some activities like
woodwind instruments