Sound Waves
What is the Stenger Effect and why is it helpful?
Pure tone average of 60-90 signifies...
severe hearing loss
Tuning forks produce how many pure tone frequencies?
One
What is the most common employment location for audiologists?
Hospitals
What is dBA and why do we use it?
dBA is an A-weighted scale, which puts more weight on sounds within the speech banana during an audiogram. Sounds in the speech banana are most frequently used, which is why they carry more weight.
Pitch is perceived as _________, and intensity is perceived as _________.
Pure tone average of 40-60 signifies...
moderate hearing loss
Air conductions audiology tests are administered with _________, to allow the sound to travel through outer, middle, and inner ear.
headphones
when did the field of audiology begin?
post WWII; veterans returned with damage to inner ear cilia from loud noises
How do you calculate the pure tone average for an audiogram?
By finding the average of what decibels the patient heard at 500hz, 1,000hz, and 2,000hz.
(Ex. 45 + 50 + 50 = 145/3 = 48hz)
Why can we feel vibrations/hear muffled music but no lyrics while inside our car coming from another car?
Low pitch sounds have longer sound waves, but lyrics are high pitched which have shorter sound waves and cannot travel as far
Pure tone average of 30 and above signifies...
within normal limits of hearing
OSHA mandates ________ in occupations that are exposed to loud noises. This includes monitoring noise levels in environment, _______________, and _________.
Hearing conservation programs
educating employees about hearing damage; and providing hearing protection fitted to the employee
How many Americans are exposed to hazardous noise levels?
30 million
What color/symbol/line is used to represent right ear results on audiogram? What is used for left ear?
Right ear is represented with red circles and are connected with a solid line. Left ear is represented with blue X's and connected with a dashed line.
What is the theremin and how is it controlled?
The theremin is a no touch instrument. The loopy antenna controls the loudness, when a hand is close to the antenna makes it louder, when the hand is further away it becomes quieter.
The other hand controls frequency. When a hand is close to the other antenna it creates short sound waves (high freq.) When further from the antenna, the sound waves become longer (low freq.)
Pure tone average of 30-40 signifies...
mild hearing loss
What is the air bone gap? What does it tell you?
The air bone gap is the difference between the results from the air conduction test and the bone conduction test. This tells you if the hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural.
What degree is required for audiologists?
Audiology doctorate
What does the pure tone average tell you about the patient?
What degree of hearing loss the patient has?
What are the two physical components of sound waves and how are they measured?
Frequency (Hz) and Intensity (dB)
Pure tone average of 90 or above signifies...
profound hearing loss
Bone conduction tests bypass _________, by placing the thing on the mastoid process and sending the vibrations directly to the ________.
middle/outer ear ; inner ear/ cochlea
What percent of children experience middle ear infections before age 6, and why?
90% of children because the position of their Eustachian tube is horizontal which leads to a build up of condensation/bacteria
What does masking do, and why do audiologists use masking while testing a patient?
Masking is used when one ear is better than the other, and something similar to white noise is played in the better ear to distract and make sure the bad ear is really being tested without help from the better ear.