Intro to the Brain
Name the different parts of the brain.
What is the Frontal Lobe, the Parietal Lobe, the Temporal Lobe, the Occipital Lobe, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.
Name the two types of nervous systems and their respective parts.
Central Nervous System- brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System- cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Name the different parts of a neuron.
Dendrites, Soma, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Nodes of Ranvier, Axon Terminals (Boutons), Nucleus
Name the functions of Cr Nv V
Trigeminal nerve
Sensory- Gross and fine sensation: face, mouth, ear
Touch: anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor- Many muscles including muscles of mastication (chewing)
Mandible needs to elevate for bilabials, labiodentals, alveolars, palatal sounds, velars, vowels, intradental sounds
A CVA stands for what and is a
Cerebrovascular Event, a stroke
How is the brain well protected?
Describe the term "Salty Banana" as it relates to neurons at rest.
Name the functions of Cr Nv VII
Facial Nerve, mixed motor and sensory nerve
5 branches
Sensory- Taste: anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor- Muscles of face, including forehead, eyelids, lips and cheeks
This is where language is mapped to meaning
Wernicke's Area
Name the difference between Efferent and Afferent pathways.
Information from the skin/senses travels TO the brain/spinal cord via Sensory or Afferent pathways.
Information FROM the brain/spinal cord to the muscles is sent via Motor or Efferent pathways.
(SAME acronym)
When does a cell fire?
At -55 mV
Name the three significant branches of Cr Nv X
Vagus Nerve
Pharyngeal Plexus- controls velum
Superior Laryngeal- controls vocal fold tensors
Recurrent laryngeal bran- Controls vocal fold adduction and abduction
In what area of the brain is the language production center in. What is this area called?
Frontal lobe, Broca's Area
These are housed in the Parietal Lobe.
Primary sensory cortex: Sensation and perception
Integration of sensory information
Visual-spatial processing Language processing
Site of sensory integration
What happens at -70 mV, -55 mV, and +30 mV?
-70 mV= resting potential, cell is at rest
-55 mV= action potential, cell is firing, all or nothing event
+30 mV = potassium gates close slowly, refractory period
What is the result of damage of the three branches of Cr Nv X
Pharyngeal plexus- Hypernasality
Superior laryngeal-Monotone
Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage-
Unilateral- One VF is paralyzed/paretic
Other VF may compensate
Voice may be hoarse/breathy
Unilateral- Both VFs paralyzed/paretic
If open, can’t phonate;
if closed, can’t breathe;
If nearly closed, inspiratory stridor
Name the two types of Aphasia and the effects each can have on an individual?
Broca's Aphasia- speech is labored, non-fluent, comprehension may be a strength
Wernicke's Aphasia- speech is fluent but does not make sense, comprehension deficits
The cerebellum does this.
Coordination of muscle movements
Executes smooth, rapid, alternating motor movements Regulates muscle movement for speech, balance, posture and coordination
The Sodium-Potassium Pump does what to the cell?
Returns the cell to homeostasis