Aphasia Detectives
A 72-year-old woman produces fluent but meaningless speech filled with neologisms and jargon. She cannot follow simple commands and appears unaware of her deficits.
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome presents with breathy voice, hypernasality, weak cough, and imprecise consonants due to lower motor neuron damage.
What is Flaccid Dysarthia?
During a bedside swallow exam, a patient demonstrates difficulty chewing and forming a bolus with food remaining in the oral cavity after swallowing.
What is oral phase dysphagia?
A 4-year-old child demonstrates difficulty using past tense verbs, limited sentence length, and problems answering WH-questions despite normal hearing and cognition.
What is Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
This researcher defined stuttering as “a disruption in the forward flow of speech.”
Who is Wingate?
A 65-year-old man presents after a left hemisphere stroke. His speech is slow, effortful, and telegraphic. Comprehension is relatively preserved but repetition is impaired. Naming is difficult.
What is Broca’s aphasia?
A patient with a history of bilateral strokes presents with strained-strangled voice quality, slow speech rate, and reduced pitch variation.
What is Spastic Dysarthia?
A patient demonstrates delayed swallow initiation and residue in the valleculae on instrumental assessment.
What is pharyngeal dysphagia?
A child with social communication deficits, repetitive behaviors, and difficulty maintaining conversations is referred for evaluation.
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?
These are observable stuttering behaviors such as repetitions and prolongations.
What are core behaviors?
A patient demonstrates fluent speech and good comprehension, but repetition is severely impaired. Errors include phonemic paraphasias such as “tephelone” for telephone. Often due to damage to the arcuate fasciulus.
What is conduction aphasia?
A patient demonstrates irregular articulatory breakdowns, scanning speech, and excess stress after a cerebellar stroke.
What is ataxic dysarthria?
During a swallow study, food enters the airway above the vocal folds but does not pass below them.
What is penetration?
A child demonstrates difficulty following multi-step directions, understanding spatial concepts, and answering comprehension questions about stories.
What is a receptive language disorder?
Eye blinking, head movements, and facial tension are examples of these.
What are secondary behaviors?
A patient experienced a large left MCA stroke and demonstrates severely impaired fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, and writing.
What is Global Aphasia?
A patient with Parkinson’s disease presents with monopitch, monoloudness, short rushes of speech, and reduced vocal intensity.
What is Hypokinetic Dysarthia?
During swallowing, food passes below the vocal folds into the airway, placing the patient at risk for pneumonia.
What is aspiration?
A preschooler has limited vocabulary, short utterances, and difficulty expressing wants and needs.
What is an expressive language disorder?
This therapy approach teaches clients to slow their speech rate and use gentle onset.
What is fluency shaping?
A patient demonstrates relatively fluent speech and intact repetition, but has difficulty naming objects and frequent word-finding pauses.
What is Anomic Aphasia?
A patient with Huntington’s disease demonstrates involuntary movements, unpredictable articulatory breakdowns, and sudden voice stoppages.
What is hyperkinetic dysarthria?
A clinician performs an instrumental evaluation where a flexible endoscope is inserted through the nose to visualize the pharynx during swallowing.
What is FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing)?
A child consistently produces “poon” for spoon and “top” for stop due to a phonological process affecting clusters.
What is cluster reduction?
A client learns to identify moments of stuttering and modify them through cancellations and pull-outs.
What is Van Riper’s stuttering modification therapy?