Anatomy and Hearing
This cranial nerve innervates all intrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus
What is the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?
This aphasia syndrome is characterized by fluent speech, impaired auditory comprehension, and poor repetition.
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Around this age, children typically combine two-word utterances.
What is 24 months?
This federal law guarantees students with disabilities a Free Appropriate Public Education.
What is IDEA?
This disorder is characterized by repetitions, prolongations, and blocks.
What is fluency?
A patient presents with a Type B tympanogram, absent OAEs, and elevated air conduction thresholds with normal bone conduction thresholds. What is the hearing loss?
Conductive hearing loss
Unlike dysarthria, this motor speech disorder is characterized by inconsistent articulatory errors, groping, and impaired prosody.
What is Apraxia of Speech?
A child consistently omits grammatical morphemes but has age-appropriate nonverbal intelligence and hearing.
What is Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
According to evidence-based practice, these are the three essential components used for clinical decision-making.
What are the best available research evidence, clinical expertise, and client values/preferences?
Excessive shouting and vocal abuse are common risk factors for this benign vocal fold lesion.
What are vocal nodules?
During swallowing, this laryngeal movement both protects the airway and assists in opening the upper esophageal sphincter.
What is hyolaryngeal elevation (laryngeal excursion)?
A patient demonstrates intact repetition, fluent speech, and poor auditory comprehension following a left MCA stroke.
What is transcortial sensory aphasia?
Joint attention deficits, reduced social reciprocity, and restricted/repetitive behaviors are three hallmark characteristics of this disorder.
This assessment approach is recommended when evaluating culturally and linguistically diverse students to distinguish language difference from disorder.
What is dynamic assessment?
A patient has hypernasality on pressure consonants due to incomplete closure of the velopharyngeal port.
What is velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI)?
A lesion affecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve would most likely result in these two impairments.
What are unilateral vocal fold paralysis and dysphonia (or impaired airway protection)?
A patient produces short utterances, demonstrates relatively preserved comprehension, impaired naming, and awareness of errors. The lesion is most likely located here.
What is MCA and/or Dominant (usually left) inferior frontal gyrus
By this age, children should typically produce 4-word sentences, answer “why” questions, and be approximately 100% intelligible to unfamiliar listeners.
What is4 years of age ?
In AAE, a speaker might say, "She my friend," leaving out this helping word.
What is "is"?
During stuttering therapy, the clinician teaches easy onset, light articulatory contacts, and slowed speech rate.
What is fluency shaping?
A patient has normal tympanometry, absent acoustic reflexes, present OAEs, poor speech discrimination, and disproportionately poor performance in background noise.
What is Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)?
A patient with Parkinson disease presents with reduced loudness, monopitch, monoloudness, variable speech rate, and short rushes of speech. The dysarthria type is:
What is hypokinetic dysarthria?
An adolescent with a traumatic brain injury has difficulty organizing narratives, maintaining topics, planning written assignments, and shifting between tasks. These deficits are most closely associated with impairment in this cognitive domain.
What is executive functioning?
A screening test has 95% sensitivity but only 55% specificity.
What does this mean?
It correctly identifies most individuals with the disorder but has a high false-positive rate.
A teacher presents with chronic hoarseness. Laryngoscopy reveals bilateral lesions at the midpoint of the membranous vocal folds. Despite six weeks of vocal hygiene education, no improvement is noted. What is the next most appropriate recommendation?
What is referral to an otolaryngologist (ENT/laryngologist) for further medical management while continuing coordinated voice therapy?