Small Talk
Theory of Everything
Label Maker
Testing, Testing, 1-2-3
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Late Bloomers
100
A baby's "ba-ba-ba" and "da-da-da": the same consonant-vowel syllable repeated, starting around 6 to 10 months.
What is canonical (reduplicated) babbling?
100

Reinforcement, shaping, and imitation: Skinner's explanation for how children learn to talk.

What is behaviorism?

100

This model places the problem in the person's body and aims to diagnose and fix it.

What is the medical model?

100
A test that compares a child's score to a large group of same-age peers.
What is a standardized (norm-referenced) test?
100
What sort of question is this? "What happened next?"
What is an open question?
100

Camarata reports 2 to 3 of these for every girl among late talkers.

What are boys?

200
Learning a word's rough meaning after hearing it only once or twice.
What is fast mapping?
200

Chomsky's theory that children are born with a Language Acquisition Device.

What is nativism?

200
"Autistic person" rather than "person with autism."
What is identity-first language?
200
The average standard score on the PLS-5 and most standardized language tests.
What is 100?
200
Total morphemes divided by total utterances.
What is mean length of utterance (MLU)?
200
The first check Camarata wants for every late talker, before any other testing.
What is a hearing test?
300
A toddler calls every man with a beard "Grandpa."
What is overextension?
300

"My brother be playing ball after school" uses habitual "be," a rule-governed feature of this dialect.

What is African American English (AAE)?

300
The term that replaced "specific language impairment" after the CATALISE consensus.
What is Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)?
300
Getting the same result every time you measure.
What is reliability?
300
What sort of response is this? Child: "Kitty jump." You: "The kitty is jumping!"
What is an expansion (recast)?
300
Camarata's big question about late talking: is it a passing stage or this?
What is a symptom?
400
Bloom and Lahey's three parts of language: its structure, its meaning, and how it's used with other people.
What are form, content, and use?
400

Vygotsky's name for the space between what a child can do alone and what she can do with help.

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

400
The WHO framework with body functions and structures, activities, participation, and environmental and personal factors.
What is the ICF?
400
Test, teach, retest: assessment that watches how a child learns with an adult's support.
What is dynamic assessment?
400
What sort of prompt is this? "Oh no, I forgot how to make the car go. Can you show me?"
What is playing dumb?
400
For Camarata, the strongest sign that a late talker's delay is more than a stage.
What is trouble understanding language (comprehension)?
500
Two 3-year-olds each build their own sandcastle a foot apart, sharing no buckets and no words. What kind of play is this?
What is parallel play?
500

Piaget's term for fitting something new into an existing mental folder, like a toddler who knows "bird" calling a butterfly a "bird."

What is assimilation?

500
Bronfenbrenner's level where a child's grandmother and his pediatrician compare notes about him.
What is the mesosystem?
500
How well a test catches the children who really do have a disorder. What is S_____?
What is sensitivity?
500
The -s in "cats," the -ed in "jumped," and the -ing in "singing" each add one morpheme because they're this kind.
What is a bound morpheme?
500
A 3-year-old reads street signs aloud but can't tell you what any of the words mean. What is H_____?
What is hyperlexia?
600

"Mouses," "foots," and "bringed": a grammar rule applied where it doesn't belong.

What is overregularization?

600

The lens that says language grows out of general pattern-finding and frequency, with no special language module needed.

What is emergentism?

600
Writing off a new symptom as "part of" a child's existing diagnosis instead of looking into it.
What is diagnostic overshadowing?
600
A test item asks about something the child has never had the chance to experience. What kind of bias is this?
What is content bias?
600

What sort of strategy is this? Putting a favorite snack in a clear jar the child can't open, then waiting. What is a....?

What is a communication temptation?

600
Camarata's advice to parents who are handed a diagnosis that doesn't seem to fit their child.
What is get a second opinion?
700

Knowing a friend will guess "candy" when she sees a candy box you already know is full of pencils.

What is theory of mind?

700
Unlike a critical period, this kind of window narrows gradually instead of closing on a set date. What is a S_____ P_____?
What is a sensitive period?
700
Audiobooks were first recorded for blind readers, and now millions of commuters "read" with their ears. This is an example of what effect?
What is the curb-cut effect?
700
On the PLS-5, three correct answers in a row establish this. What is the B_____?
What is the basal?
700
What sort of interview question is this? "How is bedtime at Dad's house different from bedtime at Mom's?"
What is a contrast question?
700
"After it, therefore because of it": the Latin name for crediting a treatment just because talking came after it. What is P_____ H_____?
What is post hoc, ergo propter hoc?
800

The _____ Test was invented in 1958 to show that children apply grammar rules to words they've never heard. What is ________?

What is Wug? 

800

"The old man the boat" and "Kids make nutritious snacks" both have this, which makes your brain back up and reread. What is S_____ A_____?

What is structural ambiguity?

800
Bronfenbrenner's level for change over time, like a family move or a new baby sibling.
What is the chronosystem?
800

The range, like 80–94, where a child's true score probably falls. 

What is a confidence interval?

800
The minimum number of utterances for a language sample you plan to analyze, not just glance at.
What is 50?
800
Camarata describes many late talkers as strong-willed, which is why they often won't cooperate with this until they're ready.
What is standardized testing?
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