Lecture 42
What are some common clinical signs of LRT disease?
cough
exercise intolerance
pale mucous membranes
respiratory distress
tachypnea
dyspnea
This produces clinical signs 80% of the time and spread by respiratory secretions
Canine influenza
Thoracocentesis
What clinical signs are seen with feline pyothorax?
tachypnea, decreased lung sounds, increased abdominal effort with inhalation, fever, lethargy, anorexia, septic shock
How should you measure O2 in an emergency patient?
pulse oximetry
arterial blood gas
Productive coughs deliver what from the airways into the oral cavity?
mucus
exudate
fluid
rarely, blood
What radiographic findings will you see with pneumonia?
mixed bronchial, interstitial and alveolar patterns
What are possible complications of thoracocentesis?
lung laceration
hemothorax
iatrogenic pyothorax
How are most pyothorax cases treated?
antibiotics
drain pleural space
supportive care
What are the main emergency management techniques?
place in cool environment
oxygen supplementation
decrease stress and activity
Non-productive coughs are most commonly associated with what?
collapsing trachea
airway irritation
leash pulling
What is the most common causative agent of bacterial pneumonia in puppies?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
This has a nucleated cell count up to 5k/uL and protein concentration up to 3.5 g/dL
modified transudate
What is the pathophysiology of chylothorax
chyle accumulates in thoracic cavity, originates from thoracic duct
can be a congenital, traumatic or non traumatic cause
What level of O2 should you start supplementation? they are considered hypoxic
60 mmHG
explain what "category" top differentials for increased inspiratory effort vs increased expiratory effort would be
inspiratory- pulmonary disease and extra-thoracic disease
expiratory- intra-thoracic disease
Aspiration pneumonia is characterized by this distribution on radiographs
and
what is the most common thing aspiration pneumonia causes
cranioventral
and
bacterial pneumonia
what is the only neoplasia you can ID from the effusion?
and
describe how the radiograph would look with pleural effusion?
lymphoma
and
cant see both lungs clearly (fluid over some of the area)
what is the medical management of chylothorax?
intermittent thoracocentesis
low fat diet
rutin (benzopyrone drug that descreased protein contact of the effusion)- promotes reabsorption of the fluid
Explain the V/Q mismatch
how well oxygen is perfused to tissue
can fix a low ratio with supplementation of oxygen and PPV
What is used to confirm thromboembolism?
and
What lung pattern has air bronchograms
and
what lung pattern has donuts
Angiography
and
Alveolar pattern
and
bronchial pattern
What are the most common causative agents of canine fungal pneumonia?
and
What are the most common causative agents of feline fungal pneumonia?
and
What radiograph pattern on the lungs is seen with fungal pneumonia??
Blasto and Coccidiomycosis
and
Histo and Crypto
and
miliary/ nodular
Describe how a chest tube is placed
into SQ at 10th intercostal space and enter thoracic cavity at 7th intercostal space
numerous large lymphoblasts, monomorphic cell population
chylous effusion would have small mature lymphocytes and some inflammatory cells
What are the normal levels of pH, bicarb, CO2 and oxygen in a patient?
and
what leads to increased carbon dioxide (and ultimately respiratory acidosis)
7.4, 24, 40, 80-100
and
primary hypoventilation