Verbal & Nonverbal Communication
Define nonverbal communication.
Everything about communication other than the words themselves.
Explain the difference between hearing and listening.
Hearing is the physiological process of the sound waves vibrating on the eardrums.
Listening is making sense of what we hear.
Identify the three ways group members become leaders.
Emergent Leaders
Designated / Appointed Leaders
Democratic Leaders
Define group conflict.
“An expressed struggle between interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals and interference from each other in achieving their goals.”
In your own words, define Brainstorming.
“An organized method of generating ideas for the primary purpose of solving a problem or achieving a goal.”
What is meant by "Language us arbitrary and symbolic?"
Words do not have meaning - humans give them meaning which can change across time. Letters, numbers, and punctuation marks (symbols) are arbitrary, and we negotiate their meaning.
In your own words, define Active Listening.
Listening to the speaker and being able to paraphrase the message as a means of checking for understanding.
Define Leadership Orientation and identify the two leadership orientations discussed in lecture.
Task - Concerned with the goal.
Maintenance - Concerned with the relationships between group members.
Define the three types of group conflict.
Simple Conflict - Incompatible goals
Pseudo Conflict - Miscommunication
Ego Conflict - Personality clashes / competitive mindset
What are three benefits of group brainstorming?
1. Help generate ideas
2. Prevent groupthink
3. Build group cohesion
Define six of the 10 nonverbal cues.
Physical Appearance / Space / Environment / Artifacts / Oculesics / Facial Expressions / Kinesics / Paralanguage / Chronemics / Haptics
What are the two advantages of group listening?
1. Time & opportunity to think about and react to what you hear - in a positive way.
2. There will always be more diverse perspectives and more interaction.
Explain the five bases of power a leader can hold.
1. Coercive Power - Threats
2. Legitimate Power - Title
3. Reward Power - Prizes
4. Referent Power - Respect
5. Expert Power - Experience
What are three ways to manage group conflict?
1. Choose conflict wisely.
2. Use "I" language instead of "You" language.
3. Become a better listener.
Identify the six steps of the problem-solving agenda.
1. Problem Identification
2. Problem Analysis
3. Solution Criteria
4. Solution Suggestions
5. Solution Evaluation & Selection
6. Solution Implementation
Identify six of the twelve nonverbal expressions.
Adaptors / Affect Displays / Complementing / Contradicting / Emblems / Illustrators / Masking / Object-Adaptors / Regulators / Repeating / Replacing / Self-Adaptors
What are the four things good listeners do?
1. Consider the context of the message.
2. Consider the feelings of the speaker.
3. Ask questions of the speaker to clarify the message.
4. Interpret silence carefully.
Explain the four factors of effective persuasion.
1. Individual & Group Receptiveness: How open are you to change/action?
2. Circumstances: External factors
3. One’s Physical Condition: Internal Noise/Interference
4. Existing Attitudes: Positive or negative ideas about the task/goal/group, etc.
How can healthy conflict benefit a group?
1. Short-term conflict may reduce or eliminate the probability of more serious conflict
2. Can foster innovation
3. Can help to develop a sense of cohesiveness
4. Measure the strength/viability of relationship
Define each of the three Decision Making Styles.
Directive: Leader reviews all facts and implements the solution without feedback from the group.
Informing & Involving: Leader involves group members in the discussion before independently making the final decision.
Participation & Engagement: Leader becomes directly involved with the area that is experiencing the problem to better understand the problem and determine the best course of action.
Explain the following types of nonverbal expressions:
1. Adaptors
2. Emblems
3. Regulators
4. Illustrators
1. Adaptors: Help us indicate emotions of moods
2. Emblems: Can replace or reinforce words
3. Regulators: Control, encourage or discourage interaction
4. Illustrators: Reinforce a verbal message
Explain the six types of poor listening.
1. Pseudo Listening: Pretending to listen.
2. Stage-Hogging: Focused on what you want to say.
3. Selective Listening: Only listening to "what's important."
4. Insulated Listening: Ignoring the unpleasant.
5. Defensive Listening: Interpret as personal attacks.
6. Face-Value Listening: Ignoring content/nonverbal cues.
Explain two of the four process theories of motivation.
1. Expectancy Theory: Desirability of the outcome, likelihood of the outcome, value placed on the outcome.
2. Behaviorism: We act based on consequences.
3. Attribution Theory: We act based on whether we think the situation can change and how much control you believe you have to make the change.
4. Goal Theory: Assessing the situation, weigh pros and cons of actions, decide how to behave, take action!
Explain the five conflict management styles.
Avoiding: "Lose-Lose"
Accommodating: "Lose-Win"
Competing: "Win-Lose"
Compromising: Negotiated "Lose-Lose"
Collaborating: "Win-Win"
Identify and explain three of the six decision making options.
Remember our group activity!
1. Consensus
2. Majority Vote
3. Minority Committee Vote
4. Expert
5. Authority without Discussion
6. Authority with Discussion